2.3 AGE RELATED
CHANGES EXAMS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
What is aging correct answers >> Aging is a process that
affects all our systems
Depending on the outcome variable being assessed, genetics can
account for 25-50% of changes
'Most' age-related changes are the consequences of lifestyle
'choices'
Inadequate nutrition intake
Excess body weight
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Aging is not simply getting old, aging is a process that affects all
our systems. If and how we age is impacted by numerous factors
and depending on what variable of aging you are assessing,
genetics can account for 25-50% of changes. Other things that
impact aging may be considered consequences of lifestyle
'choices' such as inadequate nutrition intake, excess body weight,
smoking, and sedentary lifestyle. I use the word 'choices' in
quotes because when you look at some of these factors, not
everyone has a choice in the matter. For example, inadequate
nutrition intake, if you live in an area that is a food desert you
wont have the same access to proper nutrition, or if you are
growing up in a third world country the same may be true.
,T or F The Benefits of Longevity are Distributed equally.
correct answers >> F
The Benefits of Longevity are Not Distributed equally.
with white individuals living longer than individuals who are non-
white
Hallmark of aging correct answers >> a decline in
homeostasis. As a reminder,
Homeostasis is the physiological process that maintains a stable
internal environment of the body
The body's goal is to maintain homeostasis. The extent to which
the body is able to adapt to physiological stressors and maintain
homeostasis will influence susceptibility to illness and injury
(adaptive homeostasis)
As in individual ages, the expansive ability of the adaptive
homeostatic range diminishes, and this decline is suggested to
contribute to the higher incidence of disease development among
older populations. With increasing age, the capacity to tolerate
stressors decreases.
This figure depicts the physical stress theory. As you know there
is a level of stress that can be beneficial and there is a level of
stress that is detrimental. The left portion of this figure shows how
the ranges decrease when someone is older.
,Cachexia correct answers >> a term used to refer to an
inexorable decline in muscle and body wasting that cannot be
arrested nutritionally
Rapid and relentless muscle wasting
Frequently occurs before death and is associated with end-stage
CA, COPD, CHF, and certain infections
Sarcopenia correct answers >> a decline in muscle strength,
power, and functional quality
22-33% of community dwelling older adults have sarcopenia
50% of those 80 and older
Frequently associated with increasing disability in aging adults.
4 types of tissue: correct answers >> 1.Bone
2.Cartilage
3.Skeletal Muscle
4.Connective tissue
(tendons and ligaments)
Each tissue type contains cells and extracellular components:
Collagen, Elastin (dehydrate and increased cross linkage), and
glycoproteins
Muscular Changes w aging correct answers >> Between the
ages of 20 and 80 humans lose approximately 20-30% of their
skeletal muscle mass
Selective loss of Type II muscle fibers
, Muscle strength decreases 10-15% per decade between ages 50
and 70
Decreased ability to perform forceful and alternating movemnts
Increased muscular fat infiltration
Muscle type changes w aging correct answers >> Between
the ages of 20 and 80...
Muscle type---Type II fibers (fast-twitch) are selectively
deinervated and reinervated by axial sprouts begins after age
25....Also decrease size of type II fibers. So a decrease in the
cross-sectional area of type II muscle fibers
If loose muscle fibers than have less fibers so remaining fibers
have to work harder to produce the same force which increases
energy demands
Changes in muscles are NOT uniform
Skeletal changes w aging correct answers >> Bone health
throughout life is influenced by: genetics, adequate hormone
production, good nutrition and physical exercise
Decreased skeletal bone mass after the 4th decade
Osteoporosis IS NOT normal bone loss
CHANGES EXAMS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
What is aging correct answers >> Aging is a process that
affects all our systems
Depending on the outcome variable being assessed, genetics can
account for 25-50% of changes
'Most' age-related changes are the consequences of lifestyle
'choices'
Inadequate nutrition intake
Excess body weight
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Aging is not simply getting old, aging is a process that affects all
our systems. If and how we age is impacted by numerous factors
and depending on what variable of aging you are assessing,
genetics can account for 25-50% of changes. Other things that
impact aging may be considered consequences of lifestyle
'choices' such as inadequate nutrition intake, excess body weight,
smoking, and sedentary lifestyle. I use the word 'choices' in
quotes because when you look at some of these factors, not
everyone has a choice in the matter. For example, inadequate
nutrition intake, if you live in an area that is a food desert you
wont have the same access to proper nutrition, or if you are
growing up in a third world country the same may be true.
,T or F The Benefits of Longevity are Distributed equally.
correct answers >> F
The Benefits of Longevity are Not Distributed equally.
with white individuals living longer than individuals who are non-
white
Hallmark of aging correct answers >> a decline in
homeostasis. As a reminder,
Homeostasis is the physiological process that maintains a stable
internal environment of the body
The body's goal is to maintain homeostasis. The extent to which
the body is able to adapt to physiological stressors and maintain
homeostasis will influence susceptibility to illness and injury
(adaptive homeostasis)
As in individual ages, the expansive ability of the adaptive
homeostatic range diminishes, and this decline is suggested to
contribute to the higher incidence of disease development among
older populations. With increasing age, the capacity to tolerate
stressors decreases.
This figure depicts the physical stress theory. As you know there
is a level of stress that can be beneficial and there is a level of
stress that is detrimental. The left portion of this figure shows how
the ranges decrease when someone is older.
,Cachexia correct answers >> a term used to refer to an
inexorable decline in muscle and body wasting that cannot be
arrested nutritionally
Rapid and relentless muscle wasting
Frequently occurs before death and is associated with end-stage
CA, COPD, CHF, and certain infections
Sarcopenia correct answers >> a decline in muscle strength,
power, and functional quality
22-33% of community dwelling older adults have sarcopenia
50% of those 80 and older
Frequently associated with increasing disability in aging adults.
4 types of tissue: correct answers >> 1.Bone
2.Cartilage
3.Skeletal Muscle
4.Connective tissue
(tendons and ligaments)
Each tissue type contains cells and extracellular components:
Collagen, Elastin (dehydrate and increased cross linkage), and
glycoproteins
Muscular Changes w aging correct answers >> Between the
ages of 20 and 80 humans lose approximately 20-30% of their
skeletal muscle mass
Selective loss of Type II muscle fibers
, Muscle strength decreases 10-15% per decade between ages 50
and 70
Decreased ability to perform forceful and alternating movemnts
Increased muscular fat infiltration
Muscle type changes w aging correct answers >> Between
the ages of 20 and 80...
Muscle type---Type II fibers (fast-twitch) are selectively
deinervated and reinervated by axial sprouts begins after age
25....Also decrease size of type II fibers. So a decrease in the
cross-sectional area of type II muscle fibers
If loose muscle fibers than have less fibers so remaining fibers
have to work harder to produce the same force which increases
energy demands
Changes in muscles are NOT uniform
Skeletal changes w aging correct answers >> Bone health
throughout life is influenced by: genetics, adequate hormone
production, good nutrition and physical exercise
Decreased skeletal bone mass after the 4th decade
Osteoporosis IS NOT normal bone loss
