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, THE FACTS ON FILE
GUIDE TO RESEARCH
SECOND EDITION




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, THE FACTS ON FILE
GUIDE TO RESEARCH
SECOND EDITION



JEFF LENBURG




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,The Facts On File Guide to Research, Second Edition
Copyright © 2010 Jeff Lenburg

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without
permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:

Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lenburg, Jeff.
The Facts On File guide to research / Jeff Lenburg.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8160-8121-9 (acid-free paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-3299-0
(e-book) 1. Information retrieval—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Research—
Methodology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Library research—Handbooks,
manuals, etc. I. Title. II. Title: Guide to research.
ZA3075.L46 2010
025.5'24—dc22 2009048200

Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in
bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions.
Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or
(800) 322-8755.

You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com

Text design by Erika Arroyo
Composition by Hermitage Publishing Services
Cover printed by Art Print, Taylor, Pa.
Book printed and bound by Maple Press, York, Pa.
Date printed: October 2010
Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

, To my aunt Violet, aunt Joan, and uncle Andy,
and to my former journalism professor Lew Barrett,
for all of your love and support over the years,
this one is in your honor.

✒




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, CONTENTS
Expanded Table of Contents ix
Acknowledgments xxiii
Introduction xxxv

SECTION I RESEARCHING YOUR TOPIC
1 Developing Your Subject 3
2 Gathering Your Information 11
3 Evaluating Your Sources 29

SECTION II FINDING SOURCES OF INFORMATION
4 Finding Archives and Archival Collections 39
5 Finding Associations, Societies, and Organizations 56
6 Finding Biographical Information 79
7 Finding CD-ROM Collections 102
8 Finding Electronic Databases 122
9 Finding Electronic Journals, Zines, and Newsletters 157
10 Finding E-mail Discussion Groups and Newsgroups 195
11 Finding General References 205
12 Finding Government Publications and Agencies 237




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, 13 Finding Libraries: Academic, Government, Research,
Public, School, State, and Special Libraries 264
14 Finding Newspapers, Magazines, Journals, and Radio
and Television News 285
15 Researching on the Web 336
16 Finding Search Engines 364

SECTION III FINDING SOURCES BY SUBJECT
17 Aging 381
18 Business and Economics 394
19 Criminal Justice 408
20 Ecology and the Environment 425
21 Education 439
22 Film and Television 451
23 Health and Medicine 471
24 History 483
25 Law 496
26 Literature and Literary Criticism 510
27 Mathematics 530
28 Music 543
29 Nursing 555
30 Politics and Public Policy 568
31 Psychology 582
32 Religion and Theology 596
33 Science and Technology 610
34 Sports 628
35 Theater and Dance 642
36 Women’s Studies 660




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,Section IV   Using Your Sources
37 Citing Your Sources 677
38 Creating Your Bibliography, Works Cited, or References 686

Appendixes
Appendix I APA Style 691
Appendix II MLA Style 695
Appendix III The Chicago Manual of Style 698

Selected Bibliography 700
Index 702

, EXPANDED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments xxxiii
Introduction xxxv

SECTION I RESEARCHING YOUR TOPIC
1 Developing Your Subject 3
Choosing Your Topic 3
Searching Your Topic 5
Effectively Searching Your Topic 5
Options for Searching 6
Methods of Searching 6
Defining and Narrowing Your Topic 8
Doing Preliminary Research 9
2 Gathering Your Information 11
Planning Your Research 11
Setting an Agenda for Your Research 11
Listing Your Tools and Strategies 12
Creating a Timetable/Schedule 13
Research Schedule #1 13
Research Schedule #2 14
Finding Your Sources 14
Using Libraries 14
Online Catalogs 15
Popular References 16




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, Periodicals 18
Electronic Databases 20
Microforms: Microfilm and Microfiche 22
Interlibrary Loans 24
Other Library Resources 24
Using the Internet 24
Using CD-ROM Collections 26
Using Video and DVD Resources 26
Using Specialized Sources 27
Knowing When to Stop 28
3 Evaluating Your Sources 29
Understanding Your Source 29
Considering the Source 30
Considering Who Said It 30
Considering the Facts 31
Purpose 32
Accuracy 32
Authority 32
Relevancy 33
Timeliness 34
Objectivity 34
Coverage 35
A Note on Wikipedia 35


SECTION II FINDING SOURCES OF INFORMATION
4 Finding Archives and Archival Collections 39
Types of Archives 39
Researching Archives and Archival Collections 40
Library Catalogs 40
Finding Aids 40
Online Databases 41
Free Sites 41
Subscription Sites 42
Overseas Sites 43
Printed References 44
Local Archives 44
Internet Archives 45
African-American Studies Archives 46
Agricultural and Farm Archives 47




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