NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE. GRADED A+.
QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS. LATEST
2025/2026 UPDATE
Cough Treatment - ANS✔✔-Treat primary cause
Get rid of the source, the cough goes away
Soothe cough
Dextromethorophan
Inhaled meds- Ipratropium
Benzonatate
Codeine-last resort
Hemoptysis most common causes - ANS✔✔-inflammatory—bronchitis,
bronchiectasis, pneumonia, TB
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI? - ANS✔✔-up to 8 weeks
,NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Acute bronchitis - ANS✔✔-a temporary inflammation of the mucous
membranes that line the trachea and bronchial passageways; causes a cough
that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Pneumonia symptoms - ANS✔✔--coughing
-fatigue
-pleuritic pain
-fever
-increased WBC
-rust colored sputum
-crackles
-tachypnea
CURB-65 - ANS✔✔-1) Confusion
2) BUN>19
3) RR>30
4) BP<90/60
5) 65yo
One or less indicates patient can be treated outpatient, >1 =hospitalization
Single Pulmonary Nodule - ANS✔✔-"Coin lesion"
A single parenchymal lung lesion smaller than 3cm W/O PNA , atelectasis, or
lymphadenopathy
Pure subsolid SPN < 5mm require no follow-up
, NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
if SPN < 8mm follow Fleischner Society guidelines on intervals for repeat CT
If SPN >8mm refer specialist
Sleep apnea - ANS✔✔-a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations
of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Central apneas—absent airflow and respiratory efforts-Neurological diseases
Obstructive apneas [OSA]-Tongue and soft palate fall backward
What is the definitive test for sleep apnea - ANS✔✔-Overnight Polysomnogram
Age Related Pulmonary Changes - ANS✔✔-• Reduced airway size
•Shallow alveolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Who or when should you consider silent aspiration - ANS✔✔-Consider
possibility of silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent pneumonias,
neurologic deficits, or residence in extended-care facilities
Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD - ANS✔✔-Asthma: never use LABA
without ICS
COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE. GRADED A+.
QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS. LATEST
2025/2026 UPDATE
Cough Treatment - ANS✔✔-Treat primary cause
Get rid of the source, the cough goes away
Soothe cough
Dextromethorophan
Inhaled meds- Ipratropium
Benzonatate
Codeine-last resort
Hemoptysis most common causes - ANS✔✔-inflammatory—bronchitis,
bronchiectasis, pneumonia, TB
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI? - ANS✔✔-up to 8 weeks
,NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Acute bronchitis - ANS✔✔-a temporary inflammation of the mucous
membranes that line the trachea and bronchial passageways; causes a cough
that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Pneumonia symptoms - ANS✔✔--coughing
-fatigue
-pleuritic pain
-fever
-increased WBC
-rust colored sputum
-crackles
-tachypnea
CURB-65 - ANS✔✔-1) Confusion
2) BUN>19
3) RR>30
4) BP<90/60
5) 65yo
One or less indicates patient can be treated outpatient, >1 =hospitalization
Single Pulmonary Nodule - ANS✔✔-"Coin lesion"
A single parenchymal lung lesion smaller than 3cm W/O PNA , atelectasis, or
lymphadenopathy
Pure subsolid SPN < 5mm require no follow-up
, NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
if SPN < 8mm follow Fleischner Society guidelines on intervals for repeat CT
If SPN >8mm refer specialist
Sleep apnea - ANS✔✔-a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations
of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Central apneas—absent airflow and respiratory efforts-Neurological diseases
Obstructive apneas [OSA]-Tongue and soft palate fall backward
What is the definitive test for sleep apnea - ANS✔✔-Overnight Polysomnogram
Age Related Pulmonary Changes - ANS✔✔-• Reduced airway size
•Shallow alveolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Who or when should you consider silent aspiration - ANS✔✔-Consider
possibility of silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent pneumonias,
neurologic deficits, or residence in extended-care facilities
Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD - ANS✔✔-Asthma: never use LABA
without ICS
COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
