NSG 318 EXAM 3/ NSG318
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 3 LATEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
GCU
1. Q: Which class of antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in pregnancy due to risk of fetal
injury?
A: ACE inhibitors (can cause fetal renal damage, oligohydramnios).
2. Q: A patient on digoxin reports nausea, fatigue, and “yellow vision.” What should the nurse
suspect?
A: Digoxin toxicity (monitor potassium levels; hypokalemia increases toxicity risk).
3. Q: Which diuretic is often first-line for hypertension but can cause hypokalemia?
A: Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide diuretic).
4. Q: What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
A: Protamine sulfate.
5. Q: Warfarin (Coumadin) teaching should include avoiding excessive intake of which
vitamin?
A: Vitamin K (found in green leafy vegetables) because it antagonizes warfarin’s effects.
6. Q: Which cholesterol-lowering drug class can cause myopathy and rhabdomyolysis?
A: Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors).
, 7. Q: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets should be stored in a dark, airtight container because
they are degraded by what?
A: Light, heat, and moisture (also note: they expire 6 months after opening).
8. Q: A patient on metformin should be monitored for which serious but rare side effect?
A: Lactic acidosis (risk increased in renal impairment, contrast dye procedures).
9. Q: Which insulin has the fastest onset and shortest duration?
A: Rapid-acting (lispro, aspart) – onset ~15 min.
10. Q: What is the main mechanism of action of levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
A: Replaces endogenous T4 hormone (monitor TSH for dose adequacy).
11. Q: Which drug for type 2 diabetes increases insulin sensitivity and can cause weight loss?
A: GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide, semaglutide).
12. Q: Which antibiotic class can cause tendon rupture and should be avoided with
corticosteroids?
A: Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin).
13. Q: What serious adverse effect is associated with Clostridium difficile infection?
A: Severe diarrhea/colitis (often after broad-spectrum antibiotics like clindamycin,
fluoroquinolones).
14. Q: Which antiviral is used for influenza and can cause neuropsychiatric effects?
A: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) – also note must be started within 48 hours of symptoms.
15. Q: What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?
A: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal).
16. Q: Which TB drug causes orange discoloration of bodily fluids and can reduce efficacy of
oral contraceptives?
A: Rifampin.
17. Q: Which antifungal can cause severe hepatotoxicity and requires liver function
monitoring?
A: Ketoconazole (also terbinafine can cause liver injury).
18. Q: Which class of drugs used for Parkinson’s disease can cause hallucinations and
orthostatic hypotension?
A: Dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole, ropinirole).
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 3 LATEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
GCU
1. Q: Which class of antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in pregnancy due to risk of fetal
injury?
A: ACE inhibitors (can cause fetal renal damage, oligohydramnios).
2. Q: A patient on digoxin reports nausea, fatigue, and “yellow vision.” What should the nurse
suspect?
A: Digoxin toxicity (monitor potassium levels; hypokalemia increases toxicity risk).
3. Q: Which diuretic is often first-line for hypertension but can cause hypokalemia?
A: Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide diuretic).
4. Q: What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
A: Protamine sulfate.
5. Q: Warfarin (Coumadin) teaching should include avoiding excessive intake of which
vitamin?
A: Vitamin K (found in green leafy vegetables) because it antagonizes warfarin’s effects.
6. Q: Which cholesterol-lowering drug class can cause myopathy and rhabdomyolysis?
A: Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors).
, 7. Q: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets should be stored in a dark, airtight container because
they are degraded by what?
A: Light, heat, and moisture (also note: they expire 6 months after opening).
8. Q: A patient on metformin should be monitored for which serious but rare side effect?
A: Lactic acidosis (risk increased in renal impairment, contrast dye procedures).
9. Q: Which insulin has the fastest onset and shortest duration?
A: Rapid-acting (lispro, aspart) – onset ~15 min.
10. Q: What is the main mechanism of action of levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
A: Replaces endogenous T4 hormone (monitor TSH for dose adequacy).
11. Q: Which drug for type 2 diabetes increases insulin sensitivity and can cause weight loss?
A: GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide, semaglutide).
12. Q: Which antibiotic class can cause tendon rupture and should be avoided with
corticosteroids?
A: Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin).
13. Q: What serious adverse effect is associated with Clostridium difficile infection?
A: Severe diarrhea/colitis (often after broad-spectrum antibiotics like clindamycin,
fluoroquinolones).
14. Q: Which antiviral is used for influenza and can cause neuropsychiatric effects?
A: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) – also note must be started within 48 hours of symptoms.
15. Q: What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?
A: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal).
16. Q: Which TB drug causes orange discoloration of bodily fluids and can reduce efficacy of
oral contraceptives?
A: Rifampin.
17. Q: Which antifungal can cause severe hepatotoxicity and requires liver function
monitoring?
A: Ketoconazole (also terbinafine can cause liver injury).
18. Q: Which class of drugs used for Parkinson’s disease can cause hallucinations and
orthostatic hypotension?
A: Dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole, ropinirole).
