WGU D027 STUDY GUIDE
1.Autosomal Dominant: 1 parent has, 50% change of child having
2.Autosomal Recessive: Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child
having, 50% chance child is a carrier.
3.Cystic Fibrosis: affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs
4.21st Trisomy: Down Syndrome
5.Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY): male has extra X, female like qualities
6.Turner Syndrome: Missing X in females
7.Alpha Thalassemia: inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia
8.Beta Thallasemia: low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous
sulfate
9.Prevalence Risk: proportion of the population affected at a certain time
10.Incidence rate: number of new cases divided by population
11.Innate immunity: inflammation; increased vascular permeability
12.B&T lymphocytes: immune response
13.primary malignant tumor: lack of organization of cells
14.glucocorticoids: used in combination with other agent to treat
lymphoid tissue (leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to
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,lymphoid tissues.
15.Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM): for hormone receptor
pos- itive and advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and
recurrence risk)
16.Heart failure: impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood;
heart cannot meet metabolic need of the body.
17.CHF: heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in
pulmonary area
18.Left Ventricular Dysfunction: reduced ejection fraction; ventricle
having issue ejecting blood.
19.normal ejection fraction: 55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each
heartbeat)
20.Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved?: preserved
21.Diastolic CHF: preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling
22.Systolic CHF: reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting
23.Left sided CHF: pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3
murmurs) ** #1 cause of Right sided CHF
24.BNP: gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF
25.Echocardiogram: Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and
function
26.At Risk for HF - Stage A: no structural heart disease or symptoms
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, of heart failure
27.Stage A HF co-morbidities: htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes,
metabolic syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history
28.Therapy goals of stage A HF: treat htn, encourage smoking cessation,
en- courage regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol
intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome
Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro
losartan, benicar, diovan, etc)
29.At Risk for HF - Stage B: structural heart disease but no symptoms
of heart failure
30.Stage B HF co-morbidities: previous MI, LV remodeling with LV
hypertrophy and low EF, asymptomatic valvular disease
31.Therapy goals of Stage B HF: Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers,
inplantable defibrillators
32.Stage C heart failure: structural heart disease with prior or current
symptoms of HF
33.Presentation of Stage C HF: known structural heart disease and
shortness of breath and fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
34.Therapy for Stage C HF: dietary salt restriction, MEDS: diuretic,
ACEI, beta blockers. Some patients: aldosterone antagonist, ARBs,
digitalis, hydralazine/ni- trates, biventricular pacing, inplantable
defibrillators
35.Stage D heart failure: refractory HF requiring specialized interventions
36.Presentation of Stage D HF: marked symptoms at rest despite
maximal med- ical therapy (recurrently hospitalized or cannot be safely
discharged without special- ized interventions)
37.Therapy goals for Stage D HF: compassionate end-of-life
care/hospice, ex- traordinary measures ,heart transplant, chronic
inotropes, permanent mechanical support, experimental drugs or
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1.Autosomal Dominant: 1 parent has, 50% change of child having
2.Autosomal Recessive: Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child
having, 50% chance child is a carrier.
3.Cystic Fibrosis: affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs
4.21st Trisomy: Down Syndrome
5.Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY): male has extra X, female like qualities
6.Turner Syndrome: Missing X in females
7.Alpha Thalassemia: inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia
8.Beta Thallasemia: low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous
sulfate
9.Prevalence Risk: proportion of the population affected at a certain time
10.Incidence rate: number of new cases divided by population
11.Innate immunity: inflammation; increased vascular permeability
12.B&T lymphocytes: immune response
13.primary malignant tumor: lack of organization of cells
14.glucocorticoids: used in combination with other agent to treat
lymphoid tissue (leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to
1/
17
,lymphoid tissues.
15.Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM): for hormone receptor
pos- itive and advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and
recurrence risk)
16.Heart failure: impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood;
heart cannot meet metabolic need of the body.
17.CHF: heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in
pulmonary area
18.Left Ventricular Dysfunction: reduced ejection fraction; ventricle
having issue ejecting blood.
19.normal ejection fraction: 55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each
heartbeat)
20.Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved?: preserved
21.Diastolic CHF: preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling
22.Systolic CHF: reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting
23.Left sided CHF: pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3
murmurs) ** #1 cause of Right sided CHF
24.BNP: gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF
25.Echocardiogram: Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and
function
26.At Risk for HF - Stage A: no structural heart disease or symptoms
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, of heart failure
27.Stage A HF co-morbidities: htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes,
metabolic syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history
28.Therapy goals of stage A HF: treat htn, encourage smoking cessation,
en- courage regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol
intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome
Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro
losartan, benicar, diovan, etc)
29.At Risk for HF - Stage B: structural heart disease but no symptoms
of heart failure
30.Stage B HF co-morbidities: previous MI, LV remodeling with LV
hypertrophy and low EF, asymptomatic valvular disease
31.Therapy goals of Stage B HF: Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers,
inplantable defibrillators
32.Stage C heart failure: structural heart disease with prior or current
symptoms of HF
33.Presentation of Stage C HF: known structural heart disease and
shortness of breath and fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
34.Therapy for Stage C HF: dietary salt restriction, MEDS: diuretic,
ACEI, beta blockers. Some patients: aldosterone antagonist, ARBs,
digitalis, hydralazine/ni- trates, biventricular pacing, inplantable
defibrillators
35.Stage D heart failure: refractory HF requiring specialized interventions
36.Presentation of Stage D HF: marked symptoms at rest despite
maximal med- ical therapy (recurrently hospitalized or cannot be safely
discharged without special- ized interventions)
37.Therapy goals for Stage D HF: compassionate end-of-life
care/hospice, ex- traordinary measures ,heart transplant, chronic
inotropes, permanent mechanical support, experimental drugs or
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