PYC1501 EXAM PACK 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW GUIDE WITH NOTES
◉ Mental Image. Answer: is a representation that stands in for an
object or event in the mind and has picture-like quality
◉ Concepts. Answer: are the categories of objects, events or ideas
that have common properties shared by the members of that
category
◉ Formal concepts. Answer: the concepts that are defined by
specific rules or features
◉ Natural concepts. Answer: the concepts that are not clearly
defined by a set of rules
◉ Prototype. Answer: is a member of the natural concept that
possesses all or most of its characteristic features
◉ Proposition. Answer: A mental representation that expresses a
relationship between the concepts
, ◉ Schemas. Answer: a schema is a set of propositions that are often
closely associated with each other and they form more complex
mental representations
◉ Scripts. Answer: these are schemas about familiar activities, they
include the actions we take to perform specific activities
◉ Reasoning. Answer: refers to the process through which we
generate and evaluate arguments, as well as reach conclusions about
them
◉ Formal (logical) reasoning. Answer: a process of following a set of
rigorous procedures to reach valid conclusions
◉ Deductive reasoning. Answer: which involves reasoning from the
general to the specific
◉ Informal reasoning. Answer: it occurs when we try to assess the
believability of a conclusion based on the evidence available to
support it
◉ Inductive reasoning. Answer: involves reasoning from the specific
to the general
REVIEW GUIDE WITH NOTES
◉ Mental Image. Answer: is a representation that stands in for an
object or event in the mind and has picture-like quality
◉ Concepts. Answer: are the categories of objects, events or ideas
that have common properties shared by the members of that
category
◉ Formal concepts. Answer: the concepts that are defined by
specific rules or features
◉ Natural concepts. Answer: the concepts that are not clearly
defined by a set of rules
◉ Prototype. Answer: is a member of the natural concept that
possesses all or most of its characteristic features
◉ Proposition. Answer: A mental representation that expresses a
relationship between the concepts
, ◉ Schemas. Answer: a schema is a set of propositions that are often
closely associated with each other and they form more complex
mental representations
◉ Scripts. Answer: these are schemas about familiar activities, they
include the actions we take to perform specific activities
◉ Reasoning. Answer: refers to the process through which we
generate and evaluate arguments, as well as reach conclusions about
them
◉ Formal (logical) reasoning. Answer: a process of following a set of
rigorous procedures to reach valid conclusions
◉ Deductive reasoning. Answer: which involves reasoning from the
general to the specific
◉ Informal reasoning. Answer: it occurs when we try to assess the
believability of a conclusion based on the evidence available to
support it
◉ Inductive reasoning. Answer: involves reasoning from the specific
to the general
