ASCP MMOLECULAR MBIOLOGY MCERTIFICATION
MEXAM MQUESTIONS MWITH MCORRECT
MANSWERS M2025/2026
How M are M nucleotides M joined M together? M - M CORRECT
M ANSWER M - MCondensation M to M form M phosphodiester M bond
Feedback M inhibition M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Product M of M pathway M is
M noncompetitive M inhibitor MBinds M to M allosteric M site M to M slow M down M rxn
M b/c M too M much M product
Exonucleases M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Degrades M nucleic M acids M by M removing M one
M terminal M nt M at M a M time MCleaves M phosphodiester M bond M at M end M of M chain
5' M --> M 3' M and M 3' M --> M 5'
Endonucleases M (Prok) M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Restriction
M enzymes MCleaves M phoshpodiester M bonds M w/i M poly-nt
M chain
,Recognition M site M is M palindromic
M sequence MTypes M I-V
ORI M sites M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -nt M sequence M where M replication M is M initiated
Telomeres M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -
Repeat M sequence M (TTAGGG) M at M the M ends M of M chr, M protect M chr M from M degradation
Splicesomes M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Complex M of M snRNPs
Removes M introns M from M pre-mRNA M and M splices M exons M together
Enhancers M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -
Short M regions M of M DNA M that M bind M proteins M (TXN M factors) M that M enhance M TXN M of M a
M gene
Poly-A M tail M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Prevents M mRNA M from M being M degraded M in M cytoplasm
,100-250 M A's M at M 3' M end
5' M cap M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -5'-
5' M pyrophosphate M bridge M to M a M methylated M G M added M to M 5'
M end M of M a M mRNA MProtects M against M degradation M and M as M a
M recognition M signal M for M TLN M apparatus
Ribosomes M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Where M TLN
M occurs MProk: M 30s M and M 50s
Euk: M 40s M and M 60s
Catalyzes M peptide M bond M between M a.a.'s
How M is M translation M initiated? M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -
small M rRNA M (40S) M subunit M binds M mRNA M and M scans M for
M start M codon M (AUG) MMet-tRNA M is M brought M to M the M P
M site
Large M rRNA M (60S) M subunit M binds
How M is M translation M terminated? M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M-Occurs M when M stop
M codon Menters M A M site MRelease M factor M recognizes M stop M codon, M hydrolyzes
M ester M bond M with M P M site, M releasing M aa M chain
Reverse M transcriptase M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -enzyme M that M transcribes M RNA M to M cDNA
, M (lacks M introns) MRNA M --> M RNA:DNA M --> M cDNA M (dsDNA)
Pleiotrophy M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -a M single M gene M controls M the M expression M of
M many M phenotypic M traits Mie M Sickle M Cell M Anemia
cDNA M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -intron M free
M complementary M DNA Mcan M be M inserted M into M a
M plasmid
Vector M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -helps M carry M DNA M into M cell
MEXAM MQUESTIONS MWITH MCORRECT
MANSWERS M2025/2026
How M are M nucleotides M joined M together? M - M CORRECT
M ANSWER M - MCondensation M to M form M phosphodiester M bond
Feedback M inhibition M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Product M of M pathway M is
M noncompetitive M inhibitor MBinds M to M allosteric M site M to M slow M down M rxn
M b/c M too M much M product
Exonucleases M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Degrades M nucleic M acids M by M removing M one
M terminal M nt M at M a M time MCleaves M phosphodiester M bond M at M end M of M chain
5' M --> M 3' M and M 3' M --> M 5'
Endonucleases M (Prok) M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Restriction
M enzymes MCleaves M phoshpodiester M bonds M w/i M poly-nt
M chain
,Recognition M site M is M palindromic
M sequence MTypes M I-V
ORI M sites M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -nt M sequence M where M replication M is M initiated
Telomeres M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -
Repeat M sequence M (TTAGGG) M at M the M ends M of M chr, M protect M chr M from M degradation
Splicesomes M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Complex M of M snRNPs
Removes M introns M from M pre-mRNA M and M splices M exons M together
Enhancers M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -
Short M regions M of M DNA M that M bind M proteins M (TXN M factors) M that M enhance M TXN M of M a
M gene
Poly-A M tail M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Prevents M mRNA M from M being M degraded M in M cytoplasm
,100-250 M A's M at M 3' M end
5' M cap M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -5'-
5' M pyrophosphate M bridge M to M a M methylated M G M added M to M 5'
M end M of M a M mRNA MProtects M against M degradation M and M as M a
M recognition M signal M for M TLN M apparatus
Ribosomes M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -Where M TLN
M occurs MProk: M 30s M and M 50s
Euk: M 40s M and M 60s
Catalyzes M peptide M bond M between M a.a.'s
How M is M translation M initiated? M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -
small M rRNA M (40S) M subunit M binds M mRNA M and M scans M for
M start M codon M (AUG) MMet-tRNA M is M brought M to M the M P
M site
Large M rRNA M (60S) M subunit M binds
How M is M translation M terminated? M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M-Occurs M when M stop
M codon Menters M A M site MRelease M factor M recognizes M stop M codon, M hydrolyzes
M ester M bond M with M P M site, M releasing M aa M chain
Reverse M transcriptase M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -enzyme M that M transcribes M RNA M to M cDNA
, M (lacks M introns) MRNA M --> M RNA:DNA M --> M cDNA M (dsDNA)
Pleiotrophy M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -a M single M gene M controls M the M expression M of
M many M phenotypic M traits Mie M Sickle M Cell M Anemia
cDNA M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -intron M free
M complementary M DNA Mcan M be M inserted M into M a
M plasmid
Vector M - M CORRECT M ANSWER M -helps M carry M DNA M into M cell
