PHLEBOTOMY NATIONAL EXAM (NHA)
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
Characteristics imperative to a phlebotomist - ANS Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy
and compassion, professional appearance, interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function - ANS deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells
and transport cellular waste (CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations - ANS Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation - ANS carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
and returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Where does oxygenation take place in the lungs? - ANS alveoli
Systemic circulation - ANS carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body
Upper chambers of the heart - ANS right and left atria
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,lower chambers of the heart - ANS right and left ventricle
tricuspid valve - ANS atrioventricular valve, situated between right atrium and right ventricle
**to remember this valve is on the right side of the heart-- people TRY to be RIGHT
pulmonic valve - ANS semi-lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (or bicuspid) - ANS atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left
ventricle
aortic valve - ANS semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and aorta
Flow of blood through the heart - ANS Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae< Right atrium<
tricuspid valve< right ventricle< pulmonic valve< pulmonary artery< lungs< pulmonary vein< left
atrium< mitral (bicuspid) valve< left ventricle< aorta< rest of body
Three layers of the heart - ANS Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Blood vessels - ANS arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior & inferior vena
cavae
aorta, arteries, and arterioles carry_____ blood _______ the heart - ANS oxygenated & away
from
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, venules, veins, and superior and inferior vena cave carry _____ blood ________ the heart -
ANS deoxygenated & back to
The average adult has ______ liters of blood - ANS 5-6
Plasma comprises how much of circulating blood? - ANS 55%
Plasma contains.... - ANS proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones,
minerals, vitamins, and water
What percent of plasma is water? - ANS 92%
Formed elements comprise what percent of circulating blood? - ANS 45%
another name for red blood cells... - ANS Erythrocytes
What makes up the formed elements? - ANS Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets
Another name for white blood cells... - ANS leukocytes
another name for platelets... - ANS thrombocytes
What comprises 99% of the formed elements? - ANS red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Where do blood cells originate? - ANS stem cells in bone marrow
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
Characteristics imperative to a phlebotomist - ANS Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy
and compassion, professional appearance, interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function - ANS deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells
and transport cellular waste (CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations - ANS Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation - ANS carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
and returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Where does oxygenation take place in the lungs? - ANS alveoli
Systemic circulation - ANS carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body
Upper chambers of the heart - ANS right and left atria
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,lower chambers of the heart - ANS right and left ventricle
tricuspid valve - ANS atrioventricular valve, situated between right atrium and right ventricle
**to remember this valve is on the right side of the heart-- people TRY to be RIGHT
pulmonic valve - ANS semi-lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (or bicuspid) - ANS atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left
ventricle
aortic valve - ANS semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and aorta
Flow of blood through the heart - ANS Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae< Right atrium<
tricuspid valve< right ventricle< pulmonic valve< pulmonary artery< lungs< pulmonary vein< left
atrium< mitral (bicuspid) valve< left ventricle< aorta< rest of body
Three layers of the heart - ANS Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Blood vessels - ANS arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior & inferior vena
cavae
aorta, arteries, and arterioles carry_____ blood _______ the heart - ANS oxygenated & away
from
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, venules, veins, and superior and inferior vena cave carry _____ blood ________ the heart -
ANS deoxygenated & back to
The average adult has ______ liters of blood - ANS 5-6
Plasma comprises how much of circulating blood? - ANS 55%
Plasma contains.... - ANS proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones,
minerals, vitamins, and water
What percent of plasma is water? - ANS 92%
Formed elements comprise what percent of circulating blood? - ANS 45%
another name for red blood cells... - ANS Erythrocytes
What makes up the formed elements? - ANS Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets
Another name for white blood cells... - ANS leukocytes
another name for platelets... - ANS thrombocytes
What comprises 99% of the formed elements? - ANS red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Where do blood cells originate? - ANS stem cells in bone marrow
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
