PNM 300 Test 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed
Drugs of choice for EARLY treatment of HF? - Answers > ACE inhibs
> ARBs
> BBs; ie. bisoprolol, extended-release metoprolol tartrate, carvedilol
> Loop D. ie. furesemide
> Aldosterone inhibs ie. spirinolactone = as HF progresses.
Class I HF - Answers No limitation of physical activity
Class II HF - Answers regular activity results in fatigue, dyspnea or other symptoms
Class III HF - Answers marked limitation of physical activity
Class IV HF - Answers Symptoms @ rest or w/ no activity at all.
inotropic - Answers drugs that affect contractility
dromotropic - Answers drugs that affect the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart
chronotropic - Answers drugs that affect the heart rate
Inotropy: Mechanism of Action - Answers inhibits Na-K+ ATPase --> indirect inhibition of Na/Ca
exchange = increased Ca+ in the cells, thus increasing contractility of the heart
Indications for Inotropy - Answers HF & Dysrhythmias (A fib + A flutter)
Adverse effects of Inotropic drugs: early signs - Answers -nausea
-vomiting
-anorexia
Adverse effects of inotropic drugs: late signs - Answers -arrhythmias
-AV heart block
-blurry yellow vision
-HYPERkalemia
what drug class is Digoxin (Lanoxin)? - Answers cardiac glycoside
Digoxin antidote - Answers Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
, T/F: Assess apical + radial pulses for a full minute before giving a BB or Digoxin for HF? -
Answers True.
why should a pt avoid taking high fibre foods (ie. Bran) when taking digoxin? - Answers b/c fibre
ie.bran binds to digoxin; lowers digoxin levels
what should you do if the (adult) pts HR is less than 60 or greater than 100 before being given
the HF drug? - Answers hold the dose & notify the prescriber.
effect of HYPOkalemia w/ digoxin? - Answers increases risk of toxicity
treatment for HYPERkalemia associated w/ digoxin toxicity? - Answers B.I.G.K
- sodium BICARBONATE infusion
- INSULIN infusion
- GLUCOSE/dextrose infusion
- KAYEXELATE
drug of choice for digitalis-induced arrhythmia?
**HINT: an antiepileptic - Answers Phenytoin (Dilantin)= antiepileptic
Positive inotropic drug classes? - Answers Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cardiac glycosides
B-type natriuretic peptides
Work by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase - Answers phosphodiesterase inhibitors
phosphodiestrase inhibitor available in canada - Answers milrinone (injectable)
negative chronotropic effect - Answers decreases heart rate
Negative dromotropic effect - Answers decreased automaticity at SA node, decreased AV nodal
conduction..
what drug class do heparin and warfarin belong to? - Answers anticoagulants
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) & clopidrogel (plavix) are? - Answers antiplatelet drugs
"-ASE"
ie. Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase - Answers thrombolytic drugs
desmopressin, tranexamic acid (cyklokapron) are? - Answers antifibrinolytic (hemostatic) drugs
Drugs of choice for EARLY treatment of HF? - Answers > ACE inhibs
> ARBs
> BBs; ie. bisoprolol, extended-release metoprolol tartrate, carvedilol
> Loop D. ie. furesemide
> Aldosterone inhibs ie. spirinolactone = as HF progresses.
Class I HF - Answers No limitation of physical activity
Class II HF - Answers regular activity results in fatigue, dyspnea or other symptoms
Class III HF - Answers marked limitation of physical activity
Class IV HF - Answers Symptoms @ rest or w/ no activity at all.
inotropic - Answers drugs that affect contractility
dromotropic - Answers drugs that affect the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart
chronotropic - Answers drugs that affect the heart rate
Inotropy: Mechanism of Action - Answers inhibits Na-K+ ATPase --> indirect inhibition of Na/Ca
exchange = increased Ca+ in the cells, thus increasing contractility of the heart
Indications for Inotropy - Answers HF & Dysrhythmias (A fib + A flutter)
Adverse effects of Inotropic drugs: early signs - Answers -nausea
-vomiting
-anorexia
Adverse effects of inotropic drugs: late signs - Answers -arrhythmias
-AV heart block
-blurry yellow vision
-HYPERkalemia
what drug class is Digoxin (Lanoxin)? - Answers cardiac glycoside
Digoxin antidote - Answers Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
, T/F: Assess apical + radial pulses for a full minute before giving a BB or Digoxin for HF? -
Answers True.
why should a pt avoid taking high fibre foods (ie. Bran) when taking digoxin? - Answers b/c fibre
ie.bran binds to digoxin; lowers digoxin levels
what should you do if the (adult) pts HR is less than 60 or greater than 100 before being given
the HF drug? - Answers hold the dose & notify the prescriber.
effect of HYPOkalemia w/ digoxin? - Answers increases risk of toxicity
treatment for HYPERkalemia associated w/ digoxin toxicity? - Answers B.I.G.K
- sodium BICARBONATE infusion
- INSULIN infusion
- GLUCOSE/dextrose infusion
- KAYEXELATE
drug of choice for digitalis-induced arrhythmia?
**HINT: an antiepileptic - Answers Phenytoin (Dilantin)= antiepileptic
Positive inotropic drug classes? - Answers Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cardiac glycosides
B-type natriuretic peptides
Work by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase - Answers phosphodiesterase inhibitors
phosphodiestrase inhibitor available in canada - Answers milrinone (injectable)
negative chronotropic effect - Answers decreases heart rate
Negative dromotropic effect - Answers decreased automaticity at SA node, decreased AV nodal
conduction..
what drug class do heparin and warfarin belong to? - Answers anticoagulants
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) & clopidrogel (plavix) are? - Answers antiplatelet drugs
"-ASE"
ie. Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase - Answers thrombolytic drugs
desmopressin, tranexamic acid (cyklokapron) are? - Answers antifibrinolytic (hemostatic) drugs
