Nursing 122 Exam Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Primary Defenses - Correct answer-include body systems, or portions of them, that
block or trap invading pathogens. (Skin, Mucous Membranes, Gastrointestinal
System)
Secondary Defenses - Correct answer-Occurs at the cellular level in reaction to
toxins secreted by invading pathogens. (Inflammatory Process, Elevated
Temperature, Complement Cascade)
Tertiary Defenses - Correct answer-Involves specialized white blood cells called
lymphocytes that fight infection, either as B cells or T cells.
Factors that affect the body's defenses against infection - Correct answer-Age,
Chemical Exposure, Chronic Illness, Lack of Exercise, Lack of Rest, Increased
Stress, Nonintact Skin, Poor Nutrition.
Standard Precaution - Correct answer-A group of safety measures performed to
prevent the transmission of pathogens found in the blood and body fluids.
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,Transmission-based precautions - Correct answer-Used to prevent the spread of
known infection to patients or health-care staff.
When to perform hand hygiene - Correct answer-After touching blood, bodily
fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items
Immediately after removing gloves
Upon entering a patient's room
Before touching the patient or tubes connected to the patient
Between caring for two patients in the same room
When arriving on the nursing unit
After returning to the nursing unit from breaks or meals
After using the restroom
Any time your hands are visibly dirty
Hand Hygiene Guidlines - Correct answer-To use alcohol-based hand gels
correctly, apply the product to the palm of one hand, then rub your hands together,
covering all surfaces of the hands and fingers, until the hands are dry.
Alcohol-based hand gels should be used before and after care of each patient, just
as gloves should be changed before and after each patient.
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, If hands are visibly soiled, they should be washed with soap and water.
Hand hygiene does not eliminate the need for gloves, nor does using gloves
eliminate the need for hand hygiene. Gloves reduce hand contamination by 70%-
80%, prevent cross-contamination, and protect patients and the health-care
personnel from infection.
Health-care personnel should avoid wearing artificial nails and keep natural nails
less than 1/4 inch long if they care for patients at high risk for infection.
It is important to know that alcohol-based hand gels do not kill spores and are not
recommended when caring for patients infected with Clostridium difficile. -
Correct answer-
Standard Precautions - Correct answer-Hand Hygiene, Personal Protective
Equipment (gloves), Gown, Mask, eye protection, face shield, needles and other
"sharps" (anything that could puncture a trash can liner), Respiratory
Hygiene/cough etiquette.
Chain of Infection - Correct answer-The chain of events is often referred to as the
Chain of Infection - Correct answer-An infectious agent, or causative organism
A reservoir, or place the organism grows
A portal of exit, or method by which the organism leaves the reservoir
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Answers Graded A+
Primary Defenses - Correct answer-include body systems, or portions of them, that
block or trap invading pathogens. (Skin, Mucous Membranes, Gastrointestinal
System)
Secondary Defenses - Correct answer-Occurs at the cellular level in reaction to
toxins secreted by invading pathogens. (Inflammatory Process, Elevated
Temperature, Complement Cascade)
Tertiary Defenses - Correct answer-Involves specialized white blood cells called
lymphocytes that fight infection, either as B cells or T cells.
Factors that affect the body's defenses against infection - Correct answer-Age,
Chemical Exposure, Chronic Illness, Lack of Exercise, Lack of Rest, Increased
Stress, Nonintact Skin, Poor Nutrition.
Standard Precaution - Correct answer-A group of safety measures performed to
prevent the transmission of pathogens found in the blood and body fluids.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Transmission-based precautions - Correct answer-Used to prevent the spread of
known infection to patients or health-care staff.
When to perform hand hygiene - Correct answer-After touching blood, bodily
fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items
Immediately after removing gloves
Upon entering a patient's room
Before touching the patient or tubes connected to the patient
Between caring for two patients in the same room
When arriving on the nursing unit
After returning to the nursing unit from breaks or meals
After using the restroom
Any time your hands are visibly dirty
Hand Hygiene Guidlines - Correct answer-To use alcohol-based hand gels
correctly, apply the product to the palm of one hand, then rub your hands together,
covering all surfaces of the hands and fingers, until the hands are dry.
Alcohol-based hand gels should be used before and after care of each patient, just
as gloves should be changed before and after each patient.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, If hands are visibly soiled, they should be washed with soap and water.
Hand hygiene does not eliminate the need for gloves, nor does using gloves
eliminate the need for hand hygiene. Gloves reduce hand contamination by 70%-
80%, prevent cross-contamination, and protect patients and the health-care
personnel from infection.
Health-care personnel should avoid wearing artificial nails and keep natural nails
less than 1/4 inch long if they care for patients at high risk for infection.
It is important to know that alcohol-based hand gels do not kill spores and are not
recommended when caring for patients infected with Clostridium difficile. -
Correct answer-
Standard Precautions - Correct answer-Hand Hygiene, Personal Protective
Equipment (gloves), Gown, Mask, eye protection, face shield, needles and other
"sharps" (anything that could puncture a trash can liner), Respiratory
Hygiene/cough etiquette.
Chain of Infection - Correct answer-The chain of events is often referred to as the
Chain of Infection - Correct answer-An infectious agent, or causative organism
A reservoir, or place the organism grows
A portal of exit, or method by which the organism leaves the reservoir
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
