ECC FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the goals of analgesic therapy? - Answer -minimize pain and anxiety, and
minimize systemic effects
What are the 3 types of pain? - Answer -nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic
Increased response to pain is called _____________- - Answer -hyperalgesia
Decreased response to pain is called ______________ - Answer -allodynia
Alpha delta fibers are responsible for __________ pain - Answer -acute
C fibers are responsible for __________ pain - Answer -chronic
What are the 4 steps of the pain pathway? *** - Answer -transduction, transmission,
modulation, perception
What are the 3 types of opioids? - Answer -pure mu agonists, partial mu agonists, and
mu antagonist/K agonists
What are 5 drugs that fall under pure mu agonists? (FMMHR - fear my mom's house
rules) - Answer -fentanyl, morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, remifentanyl
Name a partial mu agonist - Answer -buprenorphine
Name a mu antagonist/K agonist - Answer -butorphanol
Which analgesics do we use during surgery? - Answer -morphine - epidural
hydromorphone - mixed with pre-anesthetic and after surgery if needed
T/F pure mu agonists are reversible - Answer -true
Partial mu agonists and mu antagonist/K agonists are ____________ reversible -
Answer -partially
Butorphanol is better for ____________ than _________ - Answer -sedation, analgesia
T/F you can only give buprenorphine IV - Answer -false, IV, IM, or TM
What analgesics are considered your first line of action? - Answer -opioids
whats the main side effect of opioids? - Answer -respiratory depression
Cats given opioids may become ___________thermic - Answer -hyper
, T/F opioids have minimal cardiovascular effects - Answer -TRUE
Which two opioids have ceiling effects? - Answer -buprenorphine and butorphanol
Cox inhibitors are also called _____________ - Answer -NSAIDS
Cox inhibitors target _____________ acid - Answer -arachidonic
Most NSAIDS target the cox ______ pathway because it is __________ - Answer -2,
inducible (inflammatory)
Whats the number 1 alpha 2 agonist we use? - Answer -dexmedetomidine
Alpha 2 agonists are usually used for their ____________ effects - Answer -sedative
What does Dex do? - Answer -inhibits norepi transmission
Alpha 2 agonists are sometimes used in conjunction with opioids. Why? - Answer -
They reduce the dose needed
When would you NOT want to use an alpha 2 agonist? - Answer -hypotension or CV
compromise (dont really want to sedate these patients)
What are 2 NMDA antagonists we use? - Answer -ketamine (inj) or amantadine (oral)
How do NMDA antagonists work? - Answer -block glutamate and thus the brains ability
to perceive pain
What patients should you avoid use of NMDA antagonists in? - Answer -seizure
patients, cats with renal dz, dogs with liver dz, animals with high blood pressure
T/F NMDA antagonists will INCREASE HR, CO, and BP - Answer -true
T/F benzodiazepines are have moderate analgesic activity - Answer -FALSE, NONE
Name 3 benzodiazepenes - Answer -midazolam, diazapam, clorazepate
Benzodiazapenes are good _____________ - Answer -muscle relaxants
T/F Gabapentin is a controlled drug - Answer -FALSE, only at auburn
Gabapentin is good for use in _____________ pain - Answer -neuropathic
Which steps of the pain pathway does gabapentin target? - Answer -modulation and
perception
What are the goals of analgesic therapy? - Answer -minimize pain and anxiety, and
minimize systemic effects
What are the 3 types of pain? - Answer -nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic
Increased response to pain is called _____________- - Answer -hyperalgesia
Decreased response to pain is called ______________ - Answer -allodynia
Alpha delta fibers are responsible for __________ pain - Answer -acute
C fibers are responsible for __________ pain - Answer -chronic
What are the 4 steps of the pain pathway? *** - Answer -transduction, transmission,
modulation, perception
What are the 3 types of opioids? - Answer -pure mu agonists, partial mu agonists, and
mu antagonist/K agonists
What are 5 drugs that fall under pure mu agonists? (FMMHR - fear my mom's house
rules) - Answer -fentanyl, morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, remifentanyl
Name a partial mu agonist - Answer -buprenorphine
Name a mu antagonist/K agonist - Answer -butorphanol
Which analgesics do we use during surgery? - Answer -morphine - epidural
hydromorphone - mixed with pre-anesthetic and after surgery if needed
T/F pure mu agonists are reversible - Answer -true
Partial mu agonists and mu antagonist/K agonists are ____________ reversible -
Answer -partially
Butorphanol is better for ____________ than _________ - Answer -sedation, analgesia
T/F you can only give buprenorphine IV - Answer -false, IV, IM, or TM
What analgesics are considered your first line of action? - Answer -opioids
whats the main side effect of opioids? - Answer -respiratory depression
Cats given opioids may become ___________thermic - Answer -hyper
, T/F opioids have minimal cardiovascular effects - Answer -TRUE
Which two opioids have ceiling effects? - Answer -buprenorphine and butorphanol
Cox inhibitors are also called _____________ - Answer -NSAIDS
Cox inhibitors target _____________ acid - Answer -arachidonic
Most NSAIDS target the cox ______ pathway because it is __________ - Answer -2,
inducible (inflammatory)
Whats the number 1 alpha 2 agonist we use? - Answer -dexmedetomidine
Alpha 2 agonists are usually used for their ____________ effects - Answer -sedative
What does Dex do? - Answer -inhibits norepi transmission
Alpha 2 agonists are sometimes used in conjunction with opioids. Why? - Answer -
They reduce the dose needed
When would you NOT want to use an alpha 2 agonist? - Answer -hypotension or CV
compromise (dont really want to sedate these patients)
What are 2 NMDA antagonists we use? - Answer -ketamine (inj) or amantadine (oral)
How do NMDA antagonists work? - Answer -block glutamate and thus the brains ability
to perceive pain
What patients should you avoid use of NMDA antagonists in? - Answer -seizure
patients, cats with renal dz, dogs with liver dz, animals with high blood pressure
T/F NMDA antagonists will INCREASE HR, CO, and BP - Answer -true
T/F benzodiazepines are have moderate analgesic activity - Answer -FALSE, NONE
Name 3 benzodiazepenes - Answer -midazolam, diazapam, clorazepate
Benzodiazapenes are good _____________ - Answer -muscle relaxants
T/F Gabapentin is a controlled drug - Answer -FALSE, only at auburn
Gabapentin is good for use in _____________ pain - Answer -neuropathic
Which steps of the pain pathway does gabapentin target? - Answer -modulation and
perception
