NSG 2400
NSG 2400 Exam 3 Review Questions and
Answers 100% Verified 2026 Updated
The cardiovascular system
Is made up of
the heart and blood vessels.
It is responsible for
supplying oxygen to body organs and other tissues.
leading cause of death for women
Surface Anatomy of the Heart
● Fist-sized muscular organ located in the mediastinum between the lungs
● Each heartbeat pumps ~5L of blood per minute
- This may double during strenuous activity
Blood flow through heart
● AV valves
- Separate atria from ventricles
● Semilunar valves
- Prevent vascular regurgitation
Cardiac Valves
These valves open when pressure and volume change within the heart's
chambers.
Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
•Separate the atria from the ventricles.
NSG 2400
,NSG 2400
•During diastole ( which is the relaxation and filling of the atria and
ventricles) these valves act as funnels and help move the flow of blood from
the atria down through the ventricles.
1.Tricuspid valve
•separates the right atrium (RA) from the right ventricle
2.Mitral valve
•separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
Semilunar Valves
•Prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles during diastole
•During systole, the pulmonary or pulmonic valve and aortic valves close,
which prevents this backflow called valvular regurgitation.
1.Pulmonic valve
2.Aortic valve
Calculate MAP
To calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
SBP +(2xDBP)/3
Example
BP is 120/80
80x2= 160
160+120= 280
280/3= 93.3MAP
Mean Arterial Pressure
60 mm Hg is required to keep blood flowing through the vasculature
NSG 2400
,NSG 2400
•pressure represents the average arterial pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
and is the force that drives blood through the vasculature.
It must be kept in mind that there are situations in which vastly different
systolic and diastolic pressure values lead to the same estimate of mean
arterial pressure.
For example,
the calculated mean arterial pressure is the same whether the
systolic/diastolic pressure values are 120/80 mm Hg or 160/60 mm Hg.
there are pathophysiological situations in which a reduction in arterial
compliance leads to an elevated systolic pressure and reduced diastolic
pressure, yielding a calculated mean arterial pressure that is close to normal.
An example is arteriosclerosis.
Cardiovascular System:
General Assessment
Patient history
•Patient history is on obtaining information about risk factors and symptoms
of cardiovascular disease.
•Assess nonmodifiable risk factors
•Ask about any chronic disease or illness
•Modifiable risk factors should also be assessed.
Nutritional history
•The patient's recall of food and fluid intake during a 24-hour period,
•Self-imposed or medically prescribed dietary restrictions or
supplementations,
•The amount and type of alcohol consumption.
Family history and genetic risk
NSG 2400
, NSG 2400
Current health problems
•Ask the patient to describe their health concerns.
•Major symptoms usually identified by patients with cardiovascular disease:
-Pain
-Discomfort
-Dyspnea
-DOE
-Orthopnea (SOB while lying flat)
-PND (SOB that wakes patient up; relieved by sitting up)
-Fatigue
-Palpitations
-Edema
-Syncope
-Extremity pain
-Weight gain
Cardiovascular System:
Physical Assessment
Evaluate the patient's vital signs on admission to the hospital.
General appearance
•assess physical build and appearance, skin color, distress level, level of
consciousness, shortness, of breath, position, and verbal responses.
Skin
-Temperature
NSG 2400
NSG 2400 Exam 3 Review Questions and
Answers 100% Verified 2026 Updated
The cardiovascular system
Is made up of
the heart and blood vessels.
It is responsible for
supplying oxygen to body organs and other tissues.
leading cause of death for women
Surface Anatomy of the Heart
● Fist-sized muscular organ located in the mediastinum between the lungs
● Each heartbeat pumps ~5L of blood per minute
- This may double during strenuous activity
Blood flow through heart
● AV valves
- Separate atria from ventricles
● Semilunar valves
- Prevent vascular regurgitation
Cardiac Valves
These valves open when pressure and volume change within the heart's
chambers.
Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
•Separate the atria from the ventricles.
NSG 2400
,NSG 2400
•During diastole ( which is the relaxation and filling of the atria and
ventricles) these valves act as funnels and help move the flow of blood from
the atria down through the ventricles.
1.Tricuspid valve
•separates the right atrium (RA) from the right ventricle
2.Mitral valve
•separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
Semilunar Valves
•Prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles during diastole
•During systole, the pulmonary or pulmonic valve and aortic valves close,
which prevents this backflow called valvular regurgitation.
1.Pulmonic valve
2.Aortic valve
Calculate MAP
To calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
SBP +(2xDBP)/3
Example
BP is 120/80
80x2= 160
160+120= 280
280/3= 93.3MAP
Mean Arterial Pressure
60 mm Hg is required to keep blood flowing through the vasculature
NSG 2400
,NSG 2400
•pressure represents the average arterial pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
and is the force that drives blood through the vasculature.
It must be kept in mind that there are situations in which vastly different
systolic and diastolic pressure values lead to the same estimate of mean
arterial pressure.
For example,
the calculated mean arterial pressure is the same whether the
systolic/diastolic pressure values are 120/80 mm Hg or 160/60 mm Hg.
there are pathophysiological situations in which a reduction in arterial
compliance leads to an elevated systolic pressure and reduced diastolic
pressure, yielding a calculated mean arterial pressure that is close to normal.
An example is arteriosclerosis.
Cardiovascular System:
General Assessment
Patient history
•Patient history is on obtaining information about risk factors and symptoms
of cardiovascular disease.
•Assess nonmodifiable risk factors
•Ask about any chronic disease or illness
•Modifiable risk factors should also be assessed.
Nutritional history
•The patient's recall of food and fluid intake during a 24-hour period,
•Self-imposed or medically prescribed dietary restrictions or
supplementations,
•The amount and type of alcohol consumption.
Family history and genetic risk
NSG 2400
, NSG 2400
Current health problems
•Ask the patient to describe their health concerns.
•Major symptoms usually identified by patients with cardiovascular disease:
-Pain
-Discomfort
-Dyspnea
-DOE
-Orthopnea (SOB while lying flat)
-PND (SOB that wakes patient up; relieved by sitting up)
-Fatigue
-Palpitations
-Edema
-Syncope
-Extremity pain
-Weight gain
Cardiovascular System:
Physical Assessment
Evaluate the patient's vital signs on admission to the hospital.
General appearance
•assess physical build and appearance, skin color, distress level, level of
consciousness, shortness, of breath, position, and verbal responses.
Skin
-Temperature
NSG 2400
