Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease (4th Edition)

TestxbankxforxAppliedxpathophysiologyxaxconceptualxapproachxtoxthexmechanismsxofxdiseasex4thxEdition.x




Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach to the
x x x x x x xxxxxxx




Mechanisms of Disease 4th Edition x x x x xx



(Answers are at the End of Each Chapter)
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
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1. The nucleus
x x x , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
x x x x x x x x x x x



A) is the site of protein synthesis
x x x x x x



B) contains the genetic code x x x x



C) transforms cellular energy x x x



D) initiates aerobic metabolism x x x



2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


of the cell because they:
x x x x x



A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. x x x x x



B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
x x x x x



C) extract energy from organic compounds.
x x x x x



D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
x x x x x x



3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid b
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


ilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by: A) bound and tr
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


ansmembrane proteins. x x



B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. x x x x



C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
x x x x x



D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
x x x x x x x



4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-
x x x x x


cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
x x x x x x x



A) displace surface receptor proteins. x x x x



B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. x x x x x



C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
x x x x



D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
x x x x x

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5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
x x x x x x x x x x x



A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. x x x x x x



B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. x x x x x x x



C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. x x x x x x



D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid. x x x x x x x



6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
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into the extracellular fluid. x x x x



A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport x x x x x x x x



B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
x x x x x x



C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substancesx x x x x x x



D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion x x x x x x x x



7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is: A
x x x x x x x x x x x



) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
x x x x x



B) millivoltage of electrical potential. x x x x



C) polarization of charged particles. x x x x



D) ion channel neurotransmission.
x x x



8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the nu
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


mber of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description an
x x x x x x x x x x x x


d type of epithelial tissue?
x x x x x



A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not ex
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tend to surface x x x



B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membra
x x x x x x x x x x x


ne x



C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying connectiv
x x x x x x x x


e tissue
x x



D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on b x x x x x x x x x x


asement membrane x x



9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for: A)
x x x x x x x x x x



providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
x x x x x x



B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
x x x x x x x

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x x

C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
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D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
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10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also know
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n as involuntary muscle) differs by:
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A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
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B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
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C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
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D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
x x x x x x x



11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribos
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omal RNA (rRNA)? x x x



A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
x x x x x x x x



B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
x x x x x x x x x



C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
x x x x x x x



D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis x x x x x



12. Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-
x x x x x x x x


out cell parts are performed by which of the following organelles?
x x x x x x x x x x x



A) Lysosomes x



B) Golgi apparatus x x



C) Ribosomes x



D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) x x x



13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: A)
x x x x x x x x x x x



inadequate sites for protein synthesis. x x x x x



B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
x x x x x x x x x x



C) insufficient energy production within a cell. x x x x x x



D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm. x x x x x x x



14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility testin
x x x x x x x x x x x x x


g. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility, a find
x x x x x x x x x x x x


ing that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
x x x x x x x x x x x x

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Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans sp
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erm? x



A) Ribosomes x



B) Microtubules x



C) Mitochondria x



D) Microfilaments x



15. Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis? A)
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Glycolysis requires oxygen. x x x



B) Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria.x x x x x x



C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
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D) Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
x x x x x x x



16. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest am
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ount of energy? x x x



A) Facilitated diffusion x x



B) Passive transport x x



C) Vesicular transport x x



D) Simple diffusion x x



17. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing hyper
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


glycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of gluco
x x x x x x x x x x x


se transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack intracellular
x x x x x x x x x x x


glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following processes woul
x x x x x x x x x x x x


d best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
x x x x x x x x x



A) Facilitated diffusion x x



B) Simple diffusion x x



C) Secondary active transport x x x



D) Endocytosis x



18. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells?
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A) Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface.
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B) They are closely apposed and are joined by cell-to-cell adhesion molecules.
x x x x x x x x x x x