NURS 1160 MIDTERM 1 EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is critical thinking? - ANSWER ✔ The thinkings skills you use when
analyzing client issues and problems —> allows you to look at all options of
a situation and make a well reasoned solution rather than carelessley
implementing a solution
2. What are the critical thinking skills? - ANSWER ✔ Interpretation (recognize
that an issue exists)
Analysis (examine information about the issue)
Evaluation (assess what information is best for the situation)
Inference (draw conclusions from the information and decide how to
proceed)
Explanation (clarify your assumptions and the reasoning processes you
followed)
3. What is evidence informed knowledge? - ANSWER ✔ Knowledge based on
research or clinical expertise
4. What are critical thinking competencies? - ANSWER ✔ Cognitive processes
that nurses use to make judgements about the clinical care of patients
,5. What is diagnostic reasoning? - ANSWER ✔ Process of determining a
patient's health status after you make physical and behavioral observations
and assign meaning to the behaviors, physical signs and symptoms exhibited
by the patient
6. What is clinical reasoning? - ANSWER ✔ Term used to describe the
cognitive processes of thinking about patient issues, making inferences, and
deciding on the actions to be implemented in a particular situation.
7. What is clinical decision making? - ANSWER ✔ Focuses on defining
patient problems and selecting appropriate interventions.
8. What is the scientific method and what is it's steps? - ANSWER ✔ A
systematic, ordered approach to gathering data and solving problems.
1. Identify problem
2. Collect data
3. Formulate research questions/hypothesis
4. Test questions/hypothesis
5. Evaluate results of test/study
9. What is the nursing process? - ANSWER ✔ A clinical decision making
approach; consists of 5 steps:
1. Assessment (collect data about patient)
2. Diagnosis (we don't do this in BC)
3. Planning (formal plan consisting of strategies and alternatives to attain the
expected outcomes)
4. Implementation (putting the plan into effect)
5. Evaluation (look at the client's response to the interventions and determine
whether the interventions were effective)
,10.**nursing process is a model that lays out how nursing care unfolds**
11.Infection - ANSWER ✔ Invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms, resulting in disease.
12.Define the six steps/parts in the chain of infection - ANSWER ✔ 1.
Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Mode of transmission
6. Portal of entry
7. Susceptible host
13.Define microorganism - ANSWER ✔ Any organism of microscopic or
submicroscopic size. Include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa
14.Define pathogen - ANSWER ✔ A microorganism that causes disease
15.Define communicable disease - ANSWER ✔ A disease that can be
transmitted directly from one person to another. (infectious or contagious)
16.Define colonization - ANSWER ✔ The presence and growth of
microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage
17.Symptomatic - ANSWER ✔ A disease where pathogens multiply and and
cause clinical signs and symptoms.
, 18.Asymptomatic - ANSWER ✔ A disease where there are no clinical signs or
symptoms present.
19.Virulence - ANSWER ✔ A microorganism's ability to produce disease.
20.Immunocompromised - ANSWER ✔ Having an impaired immune system.
21.Reservoir - ANSWER ✔ A place where microorganisms survive, multiply,
and await transfer to a susceptible host.
22.Localized - ANSWER ✔ An infection that occurs only in one area (i.e. a
wound infection).
23.Systemic - ANSWER ✔ An infection that affects the entire body.
24.Normal floras - ANSWER ✔ Microorganisms that don't cause disease when
residing in their usual area of the body but instead participate in maintaining
health.
25.Superinfection - ANSWER ✔ An infection that develops when broad-
spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not
just the ones causing infection.
26.Inflammation - ANSWER ✔ The protective cellular response of the body to
injury, infection, or irritation.
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is critical thinking? - ANSWER ✔ The thinkings skills you use when
analyzing client issues and problems —> allows you to look at all options of
a situation and make a well reasoned solution rather than carelessley
implementing a solution
2. What are the critical thinking skills? - ANSWER ✔ Interpretation (recognize
that an issue exists)
Analysis (examine information about the issue)
Evaluation (assess what information is best for the situation)
Inference (draw conclusions from the information and decide how to
proceed)
Explanation (clarify your assumptions and the reasoning processes you
followed)
3. What is evidence informed knowledge? - ANSWER ✔ Knowledge based on
research or clinical expertise
4. What are critical thinking competencies? - ANSWER ✔ Cognitive processes
that nurses use to make judgements about the clinical care of patients
,5. What is diagnostic reasoning? - ANSWER ✔ Process of determining a
patient's health status after you make physical and behavioral observations
and assign meaning to the behaviors, physical signs and symptoms exhibited
by the patient
6. What is clinical reasoning? - ANSWER ✔ Term used to describe the
cognitive processes of thinking about patient issues, making inferences, and
deciding on the actions to be implemented in a particular situation.
7. What is clinical decision making? - ANSWER ✔ Focuses on defining
patient problems and selecting appropriate interventions.
8. What is the scientific method and what is it's steps? - ANSWER ✔ A
systematic, ordered approach to gathering data and solving problems.
1. Identify problem
2. Collect data
3. Formulate research questions/hypothesis
4. Test questions/hypothesis
5. Evaluate results of test/study
9. What is the nursing process? - ANSWER ✔ A clinical decision making
approach; consists of 5 steps:
1. Assessment (collect data about patient)
2. Diagnosis (we don't do this in BC)
3. Planning (formal plan consisting of strategies and alternatives to attain the
expected outcomes)
4. Implementation (putting the plan into effect)
5. Evaluation (look at the client's response to the interventions and determine
whether the interventions were effective)
,10.**nursing process is a model that lays out how nursing care unfolds**
11.Infection - ANSWER ✔ Invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms, resulting in disease.
12.Define the six steps/parts in the chain of infection - ANSWER ✔ 1.
Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Mode of transmission
6. Portal of entry
7. Susceptible host
13.Define microorganism - ANSWER ✔ Any organism of microscopic or
submicroscopic size. Include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa
14.Define pathogen - ANSWER ✔ A microorganism that causes disease
15.Define communicable disease - ANSWER ✔ A disease that can be
transmitted directly from one person to another. (infectious or contagious)
16.Define colonization - ANSWER ✔ The presence and growth of
microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage
17.Symptomatic - ANSWER ✔ A disease where pathogens multiply and and
cause clinical signs and symptoms.
, 18.Asymptomatic - ANSWER ✔ A disease where there are no clinical signs or
symptoms present.
19.Virulence - ANSWER ✔ A microorganism's ability to produce disease.
20.Immunocompromised - ANSWER ✔ Having an impaired immune system.
21.Reservoir - ANSWER ✔ A place where microorganisms survive, multiply,
and await transfer to a susceptible host.
22.Localized - ANSWER ✔ An infection that occurs only in one area (i.e. a
wound infection).
23.Systemic - ANSWER ✔ An infection that affects the entire body.
24.Normal floras - ANSWER ✔ Microorganisms that don't cause disease when
residing in their usual area of the body but instead participate in maintaining
health.
25.Superinfection - ANSWER ✔ An infection that develops when broad-
spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not
just the ones causing infection.
26.Inflammation - ANSWER ✔ The protective cellular response of the body to
injury, infection, or irritation.
