Sarcomere
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The myocardium contracts: when stimulated calcium flows into sarcomere,
calcium binds to troponin, calcium and troponin lift away from tropomyosin
and tropomyosin dissociates from binding sites and have actin and myosin
binding that leads to cardiac contraction
Antimicrobial regimens for a true bacterial rhinosinusitis in CHILDREN—B-lactation
allergy **
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Levofloxacin 10-20 mg/kg/day PO every 12-24 OR
Clindamycin 30-40 mg/kg/day PO TID plus cefixime 8 mg/kg/day OR
, cefpodoxime 10 mg/kg/day
Clindamycin is most associated with C. difficile
Extrinsic pathway
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stimulated by traumatized tissue or vascular wall
Ex. Hitting your finger on a door
When there is damage to outside of vessel
Beta blocker drug interactions
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Antacids decrease absorption
Antacids bind and interact with many drugs b/c of this
Anticholinergics increase absorption
Anticholinergics slow GI motility
Tmax
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Time to maximum drug level observed
Loop Diuretic
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inhibit chloride reabsorption only in the loop of Henle
Loop of Henle is a different anatomical site than Thiazide diuretics
ascending limb of loop of henle/work most proximal
work by trapping chloride
exert effect on outer surface of tubule
used in acute fluid overload b/c work in most proximal site
most effective diuretic
excrete K+ and Na+ by trapping Cl- ; watch for hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
hypochloremia
still works with poor renal fx
Available in IV and PO
Class 1 steroid examples
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Clobetasol propionate (Temovate) 0.05%
Betamethason dipropionate (Diprolene) 0.05%
Diflorasone diacetate (Psorcon) 0.05%
Halobetasol propinate (Ultravate) 0.05%
PCSK9 inhibitors: cost and examples
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, Very expensive
$13,000 to $14,000 annually
Currently 2 approved
· Alirocumab (Praluent)
· Evolocumab (Repatha)
Summary of Age-Related Changes
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Older adults have....
-less % body weight as water
-less lean muscle mass
-higher % weight as fat
-LOWER SERIUM ALBUMIN**
-lower relative kidney weight
-less relative hepatic blood flow
SGLT2 inhibitors examples
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(-gliflozin suffix)
Examples: Canagliflozin (Invokana), empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Anticipated A1C reduction with intensified used = 0.7-1%
S/S of hypothyroidism
Give this one a try later!
The myocardium contracts: when stimulated calcium flows into sarcomere,
calcium binds to troponin, calcium and troponin lift away from tropomyosin
and tropomyosin dissociates from binding sites and have actin and myosin
binding that leads to cardiac contraction
Antimicrobial regimens for a true bacterial rhinosinusitis in CHILDREN—B-lactation
allergy **
Give this one a try later!
Levofloxacin 10-20 mg/kg/day PO every 12-24 OR
Clindamycin 30-40 mg/kg/day PO TID plus cefixime 8 mg/kg/day OR
, cefpodoxime 10 mg/kg/day
Clindamycin is most associated with C. difficile
Extrinsic pathway
Give this one a try later!
stimulated by traumatized tissue or vascular wall
Ex. Hitting your finger on a door
When there is damage to outside of vessel
Beta blocker drug interactions
Give this one a try later!
Antacids decrease absorption
Antacids bind and interact with many drugs b/c of this
Anticholinergics increase absorption
Anticholinergics slow GI motility
Tmax
Give this one a try later!
Time to maximum drug level observed
Loop Diuretic
,Give this one a try later!
inhibit chloride reabsorption only in the loop of Henle
Loop of Henle is a different anatomical site than Thiazide diuretics
ascending limb of loop of henle/work most proximal
work by trapping chloride
exert effect on outer surface of tubule
used in acute fluid overload b/c work in most proximal site
most effective diuretic
excrete K+ and Na+ by trapping Cl- ; watch for hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
hypochloremia
still works with poor renal fx
Available in IV and PO
Class 1 steroid examples
Give this one a try later!
Clobetasol propionate (Temovate) 0.05%
Betamethason dipropionate (Diprolene) 0.05%
Diflorasone diacetate (Psorcon) 0.05%
Halobetasol propinate (Ultravate) 0.05%
PCSK9 inhibitors: cost and examples
Give this one a try later!
, Very expensive
$13,000 to $14,000 annually
Currently 2 approved
· Alirocumab (Praluent)
· Evolocumab (Repatha)
Summary of Age-Related Changes
Give this one a try later!
Older adults have....
-less % body weight as water
-less lean muscle mass
-higher % weight as fat
-LOWER SERIUM ALBUMIN**
-lower relative kidney weight
-less relative hepatic blood flow
SGLT2 inhibitors examples
Give this one a try later!
(-gliflozin suffix)
Examples: Canagliflozin (Invokana), empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Anticipated A1C reduction with intensified used = 0.7-1%
S/S of hypothyroidism
