lOMoAR cPSD| 56110280
ECPI BIO 111 Summer Exam Study Guide –
Chapters 8–11 Questions and Answers
(Anatomy & Physiology I Review.
Approved study material for adequate exam
preparations 2025|2026.
Below is the Study Guide related to Exam 1. This will help you prepare and study for the
relevant content we cover on each chapter that may show up on a quiz or exam.
Chapter 1
- Understand the difference between structure and physiology.
Structure is the structure of the human body and its parts.
Physiology is the study of the roles of the human body and its parts.
- Be familiar with the levels of body partization and their relationship to each other. Subatomic
Particles, Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Component, Unit,
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Tissue, Body part, Body part System, Body partism
-
- Know the characteristics of life.
Growth: increase in unit number and size and increase in body size.
Reproduction: Production of new units and body partisms.
Responsiveness: reaction to a change inside or outside of the body.
Movement: change in body position or location; motion of internal body parts.
Metabolism: the sum of all chemical reactions in a living system (energy production and
nutrient cycling).
Respiration: making energy
Digestion: breaking down food into usable nutrients for absorption in the blood.
Circulation: moving chemicals and units through the body fluids.
Excretion: removing waste products.
- Be familiar with the requirements of body partisms. Life requires these environmental
factors: Water, Food, Oxygen, Heat, and Pressure.
Water: Most abundant substance in the body; Environment for metabolic processes
(intraunitular and extraunitular); Required for transport of substances; Regulation of body
temperature.
Food: Provides necessary nutrients to supply energy.
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Oxygen: releases energy form.
Heat: form of energy; Helps maintain body temperature; Partly controls rate of
metabolic reactions.
Pressure: Application of force on an object; Atmospheric Pressure
( important for breathing); Hydrostatic Pressure (keeps blood flowing )
- Be familiar with the concept of homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Homeostatic Mechanisms is self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the
internal environment and correct them as needed.
3 parts of a homeostatic mechanism:
Receptor: detects and provides information about the stimuli.
Control Center: decision maker that maintains the set point.
Effector: muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change
in the internal environment.
- Understand what is meant by negative/positive feedback systems.
Negative Feedback:
Most common type
Effectors return body to normal range
Moves variable in the opposite direction of the deviation
Prevents sudden changes
Ex: Regulates Temp, BP, and Glucose
Movements across unit membranes include passive and active mechanisms
Physical (Passive) Mechanisms do not require unitular energy (ATP)
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, separation Positive Feedback:
It’s uncommon
Change is intensified instead of reversed
ECPI BIO 111 Summer Exam Study Guide –
Chapters 8–11 Questions and Answers
(Anatomy & Physiology I Review.
Approved study material for adequate exam
preparations 2025|2026.
Below is the Study Guide related to Exam 1. This will help you prepare and study for the
relevant content we cover on each chapter that may show up on a quiz or exam.
Chapter 1
- Understand the difference between structure and physiology.
Structure is the structure of the human body and its parts.
Physiology is the study of the roles of the human body and its parts.
- Be familiar with the levels of body partization and their relationship to each other. Subatomic
Particles, Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Component, Unit,
, lOMoAR cPSD| 56110280
Tissue, Body part, Body part System, Body partism
-
- Know the characteristics of life.
Growth: increase in unit number and size and increase in body size.
Reproduction: Production of new units and body partisms.
Responsiveness: reaction to a change inside or outside of the body.
Movement: change in body position or location; motion of internal body parts.
Metabolism: the sum of all chemical reactions in a living system (energy production and
nutrient cycling).
Respiration: making energy
Digestion: breaking down food into usable nutrients for absorption in the blood.
Circulation: moving chemicals and units through the body fluids.
Excretion: removing waste products.
- Be familiar with the requirements of body partisms. Life requires these environmental
factors: Water, Food, Oxygen, Heat, and Pressure.
Water: Most abundant substance in the body; Environment for metabolic processes
(intraunitular and extraunitular); Required for transport of substances; Regulation of body
temperature.
Food: Provides necessary nutrients to supply energy.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 56110280
Oxygen: releases energy form.
Heat: form of energy; Helps maintain body temperature; Partly controls rate of
metabolic reactions.
Pressure: Application of force on an object; Atmospheric Pressure
( important for breathing); Hydrostatic Pressure (keeps blood flowing )
- Be familiar with the concept of homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Homeostatic Mechanisms is self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the
internal environment and correct them as needed.
3 parts of a homeostatic mechanism:
Receptor: detects and provides information about the stimuli.
Control Center: decision maker that maintains the set point.
Effector: muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change
in the internal environment.
- Understand what is meant by negative/positive feedback systems.
Negative Feedback:
Most common type
Effectors return body to normal range
Moves variable in the opposite direction of the deviation
Prevents sudden changes
Ex: Regulates Temp, BP, and Glucose
Movements across unit membranes include passive and active mechanisms
Physical (Passive) Mechanisms do not require unitular energy (ATP)
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, separation Positive Feedback:
It’s uncommon
Change is intensified instead of reversed
