1
INST 203
INST 203 ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026
1. Explain briefly the origin and development of the term "Indian.": -
Columbus first used it because he thought he reached the east Indies
- European explorers, traders, and colonizers used the term "Indian" (or "Red
Indian") to identify the Indigenous inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere
2. The Indigenous peoples of the United States and in Canada have
reluctantly accepted the term Indian as a shared self-identification. Why?:
the enduring impact of the attempted colonization of Indigenous peoples has
been that the inclusive term has been forced on them, to the extent that some
Indigenous peoples use the term for self-identification
3. What accounts for the higher number of Indigenous women than
men in urban centres? (Frideres and Gadacz): because of
enfranchisement/marriage clauses; looking for housing
4. Since World War II, Indigenous people have been migrating to
urban centres in ever increasing numbers. What factors prompt this
migration? (Frideres & Gadacz): after WW2 there was a rapid urban growth
and they moved looking for employment, better services or escape from the
reserve
5. What factors tend to influence an Indigenous individual's decision
to migrate to an urban centre? (Frideres & Gadacz): go to city seeking
INST 203
,education, work opportunities, amenities/services that are not on reserve;
women move because of housing and family issues; people live where they can
afford housing; people will choose location based on where others from their
community live; where there is a sense of community;
6. Identify the main problems faced by service organizations in their
attempts to assist Indigenous people who try to establish residences in
urban areas. (Frideres & Gadacz): jurisdictional tug of war between
government results in justification for not developing policy
public services encourage participation of individuals in society but they fail to
integrate Aboriginal people into urban society therefore they are more of a
barrier
acculturating organization promotes assimilation to Euro-Canadian culture
working on referral system but due to that Aboriginal people do not always
have the qualifications finding it challenging to even be accepted into the
program
accommodating organization attempts to compensate for the lack of
preparedness of Aboriginal in contact with Euro-Canadian society, they are
unable to offer any real assistance to Aboriginal people member organizations
work against the assimilation into Canadian society, they represent the
interests of Aboriginal people as member of distinct people but effectiveness is
weakened by absence of employment suited to Aboriginal people as Aboriginal
people
7. Describe the effect of the reserve system on the daily lives of
registered Indian people. How did this system help to define Indian
, 3
INST 203
identity among people of Indigenous descent? (Dyck): - isolated on special
pockets of land and were subject to different laws
- total social institution on their social and cultural organization
- vital aspect of people's reality and self-identity
- registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
8. How do treaty rights affect the identity of Indigenous people in
Saskatchewan? (Dyck): - registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical
"Native people"
- distinction between who is registered or not is important and objective facts
of life for Indian people
-
9. What arguments are advanced by those who contend that present
legal identifications of Indigenous people are arbitrary and should be
ended in favour of an all-inclusive Indigenous identity? (Dyck): - tends to
homogenize and eviscerate historical and contemporary realities
- because majority of registered Indians in the future will be urban dwellers -
socioeconomic needs of Metis and non-status people are equal to needs of
registered Indians and distinctions prevent government from meeting moral
obligation to all peoples of aboriginal ancestry
10. How might a leader of an organization of status Indians rebut such
arguments? (Dyck): no benefit to have the rights and legal status of
registered Indians eroded and replaced with a new Native policy that could be
wind down hastily as it is devised
11. What is the difference between an "ethnic group" as defined by
Barth and an "ethnostatus group" as defined by Waldram?: Barth defined
INST 203
, membership in a particular ethnic group as to be effectively governed all
behaviour in virtually every social situation, and further it cannot be
disregarded and temporarily set aside by other definitions of the situation
ethnostatus groups implies that identity can be derived from a combination of
cultural and legal factors (unlike "ethnicity," which develops primarily from
cultural factors 12. What cultural factors make the legal distinction
between "Indian" and "Métis" appear absurd and arbitrary to some
Indigenous communities? (Waldram): Hence, the cultural category "Indian"
may include both those with and without legal Indian status. The "Metis" as a
group may also contain non-status Indians who, in search for a more positive
identity, have gravitated toward the Metis cultural group. However, while
these individuals might declare themselves as "Metis," an objective
examination might reveal a cultural pattern more congruent with "Indian."
13. According to Waldram, what is a "white-status Native"?: legally-
defined
"nonstatus Indians," and the culturally-defined "Metis."
14. According to Waldram, the legal distinction between Indian-status
and white-status Natives leads to inequities in the delivery of
government services. What inequities exist in the delivery of social
assistance and economic development programs?: treaty Indians get
more social assistance; an example is the Chipewyan of northern Manitoba;
separate schools were eventually constructed at the behest of estranged
parents who resented the control of the opposing ethnostatus category
over the education of their children; provinces such as Saskatchewan
exempt status Indians from provincial sales tax, while all white-status
individuals must contribute
INST 203
INST 203 ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026
1. Explain briefly the origin and development of the term "Indian.": -
Columbus first used it because he thought he reached the east Indies
- European explorers, traders, and colonizers used the term "Indian" (or "Red
Indian") to identify the Indigenous inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere
2. The Indigenous peoples of the United States and in Canada have
reluctantly accepted the term Indian as a shared self-identification. Why?:
the enduring impact of the attempted colonization of Indigenous peoples has
been that the inclusive term has been forced on them, to the extent that some
Indigenous peoples use the term for self-identification
3. What accounts for the higher number of Indigenous women than
men in urban centres? (Frideres and Gadacz): because of
enfranchisement/marriage clauses; looking for housing
4. Since World War II, Indigenous people have been migrating to
urban centres in ever increasing numbers. What factors prompt this
migration? (Frideres & Gadacz): after WW2 there was a rapid urban growth
and they moved looking for employment, better services or escape from the
reserve
5. What factors tend to influence an Indigenous individual's decision
to migrate to an urban centre? (Frideres & Gadacz): go to city seeking
INST 203
,education, work opportunities, amenities/services that are not on reserve;
women move because of housing and family issues; people live where they can
afford housing; people will choose location based on where others from their
community live; where there is a sense of community;
6. Identify the main problems faced by service organizations in their
attempts to assist Indigenous people who try to establish residences in
urban areas. (Frideres & Gadacz): jurisdictional tug of war between
government results in justification for not developing policy
public services encourage participation of individuals in society but they fail to
integrate Aboriginal people into urban society therefore they are more of a
barrier
acculturating organization promotes assimilation to Euro-Canadian culture
working on referral system but due to that Aboriginal people do not always
have the qualifications finding it challenging to even be accepted into the
program
accommodating organization attempts to compensate for the lack of
preparedness of Aboriginal in contact with Euro-Canadian society, they are
unable to offer any real assistance to Aboriginal people member organizations
work against the assimilation into Canadian society, they represent the
interests of Aboriginal people as member of distinct people but effectiveness is
weakened by absence of employment suited to Aboriginal people as Aboriginal
people
7. Describe the effect of the reserve system on the daily lives of
registered Indian people. How did this system help to define Indian
, 3
INST 203
identity among people of Indigenous descent? (Dyck): - isolated on special
pockets of land and were subject to different laws
- total social institution on their social and cultural organization
- vital aspect of people's reality and self-identity
- registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
8. How do treaty rights affect the identity of Indigenous people in
Saskatchewan? (Dyck): - registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical
"Native people"
- distinction between who is registered or not is important and objective facts
of life for Indian people
-
9. What arguments are advanced by those who contend that present
legal identifications of Indigenous people are arbitrary and should be
ended in favour of an all-inclusive Indigenous identity? (Dyck): - tends to
homogenize and eviscerate historical and contemporary realities
- because majority of registered Indians in the future will be urban dwellers -
socioeconomic needs of Metis and non-status people are equal to needs of
registered Indians and distinctions prevent government from meeting moral
obligation to all peoples of aboriginal ancestry
10. How might a leader of an organization of status Indians rebut such
arguments? (Dyck): no benefit to have the rights and legal status of
registered Indians eroded and replaced with a new Native policy that could be
wind down hastily as it is devised
11. What is the difference between an "ethnic group" as defined by
Barth and an "ethnostatus group" as defined by Waldram?: Barth defined
INST 203
, membership in a particular ethnic group as to be effectively governed all
behaviour in virtually every social situation, and further it cannot be
disregarded and temporarily set aside by other definitions of the situation
ethnostatus groups implies that identity can be derived from a combination of
cultural and legal factors (unlike "ethnicity," which develops primarily from
cultural factors 12. What cultural factors make the legal distinction
between "Indian" and "Métis" appear absurd and arbitrary to some
Indigenous communities? (Waldram): Hence, the cultural category "Indian"
may include both those with and without legal Indian status. The "Metis" as a
group may also contain non-status Indians who, in search for a more positive
identity, have gravitated toward the Metis cultural group. However, while
these individuals might declare themselves as "Metis," an objective
examination might reveal a cultural pattern more congruent with "Indian."
13. According to Waldram, what is a "white-status Native"?: legally-
defined
"nonstatus Indians," and the culturally-defined "Metis."
14. According to Waldram, the legal distinction between Indian-status
and white-status Natives leads to inequities in the delivery of
government services. What inequities exist in the delivery of social
assistance and economic development programs?: treaty Indians get
more social assistance; an example is the Chipewyan of northern Manitoba;
separate schools were eventually constructed at the behest of estranged
parents who resented the control of the opposing ethnostatus category
over the education of their children; provinces such as Saskatchewan
exempt status Indians from provincial sales tax, while all white-status
individuals must contribute
