INST 203 EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
Explain briefly the origin and development of the term "Indian." -
Precise Answer ✔✔- Columbus first used it because he thought he
reached the east Indies
- European explorers, traders, and colonizers used the term "Indian" (or
"Red Indian") to identify the Indigenous inhabitants of the Western
Hemisphere
The Indigenous peoples of the United States and in Canada have
reluctantly accepted the term Indian as a shared self-identification.
Why? - Precise Answer ✔✔the enduring impact of the attempted
colonization of Indigenous peoples has been that the inclusive term has
been forced on them, to the extent that some Indigenous peoples use the
term for self-identification
What accounts for the higher number of Indigenous women than men in
urban centres? (Frideres and Gadacz) - Precise Answer ✔✔because of
enfranchisement/marriage clauses; looking for housing
Since World War II, Indigenous people have been migrating to urban
centres in ever increasing numbers. What factors prompt this migration?
(Frideres & Gadacz) - Precise Answer ✔✔after WW2 there was a rapid
urban growth and they moved looking for employment, better services
or escape from the reserve
,What factors tend to influence an Indigenous individual's decision to
migrate to an urban centre? (Frideres & Gadacz) - Precise Answer
✔✔go to city seeking education, work opportunities, amenities/services
that are not on reserve; women move because of housing and family
issues; people live where they can afford housing; people will choose
location based on where others from their community live; where there
is a sense of community;
Identify the main problems faced by service organizations in their
attempts to assist Indigenous people who try to establish residences in
urban areas. (Frideres & Gadacz) - Precise Answer ✔✔jurisdictional tug
of war between government results in justification for not developing
policy
public services encourage participation of individuals in society but they
fail to integrate Aboriginal people into urban society therefore they are
more of a barrier
acculturating organization promotes assimilation to Euro-Canadian
culture working on referral system but due to that Aboriginal people do
not always have the qualifications finding it challenging to even be
accepted into the program
accommodating organization attempts to compensate for the lack of
preparedness of Aboriginal in contact with Euro-Canadian society, they
are unable to offer any real assistance to Aboriginal people
,member organizations work against the assimilation into Canadian
society, they represent the interests of Aboriginal people as member of
distinct people but effectiveness is weakened by absence of employment
suited to Aboriginal people as Aboriginal people
Describe the effect of the reserve system on the daily lives of registered
Indian people. How did this system help to define Indian identity among
people of Indigenous descent? (Dyck) - Precise Answer ✔✔- isolated on
special pockets of land and were subject to different laws
- total social institution on their social and cultural organization
- vital aspect of people's reality and self-identity
- registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
How do treaty rights affect the identity of Indigenous people in
Saskatchewan? (Dyck) - Precise Answer ✔✔- registered Indians in
Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
- distinction between who is registered or not is important and objective
facts of life for Indian people
-
What arguments are advanced by those who contend that present legal
identifications of Indigenous people are arbitrary and should be ended in
favour of an all-inclusive Indigenous identity? (Dyck) - Precise Answer
✔✔- tends to homogenize and eviscerate historical and contemporary
realities
- because majority of registered Indians in the future will be urban
dwellers
, - socioeconomic needs of Metis and non-status people are equal to needs
of registered Indians and distinctions prevent government from meeting
moral obligation to all peoples of aboriginal ancestry
How might a leader of an organization of status Indians rebut such
arguments? (Dyck) - Precise Answer ✔✔no benefit to have the rights
and legal status of registered Indians eroded and replaced with a new
Native policy that could be wind down hastily as it is devised
What is the difference between an "ethnic group" as defined by Barth
and an "ethnostatus group" as defined by Waldram? - Precise Answer
✔✔Barth defined membership in a particular ethnic group as to be
effectively governed all behaviour in virtually every social situation, and
further it cannot be disregarded and temporarily set aside by other
definitions of the situation
ethnostatus groups implies that identity can be derived from a
combination of cultural and legal factors (unlike "ethnicity," which
develops primarily from cultural factors
What cultural factors make the legal distinction between "Indian" and
"Métis" appear absurd and arbitrary to some Indigenous communities?
(Waldram) - Precise Answer ✔✔Hence, the cultural category "Indian"
may include both those with and without legal Indian status. The
"Metis" as a group may also contain non-status Indians who, in search
for a more positive identity, have gravitated toward the Metis cultural
group. However, while these individuals might declare themselves as
"Metis," an objective examination might reveal a cultural pattern more
congruent with "Indian."
SOLUTIONS
Explain briefly the origin and development of the term "Indian." -
Precise Answer ✔✔- Columbus first used it because he thought he
reached the east Indies
- European explorers, traders, and colonizers used the term "Indian" (or
"Red Indian") to identify the Indigenous inhabitants of the Western
Hemisphere
The Indigenous peoples of the United States and in Canada have
reluctantly accepted the term Indian as a shared self-identification.
Why? - Precise Answer ✔✔the enduring impact of the attempted
colonization of Indigenous peoples has been that the inclusive term has
been forced on them, to the extent that some Indigenous peoples use the
term for self-identification
What accounts for the higher number of Indigenous women than men in
urban centres? (Frideres and Gadacz) - Precise Answer ✔✔because of
enfranchisement/marriage clauses; looking for housing
Since World War II, Indigenous people have been migrating to urban
centres in ever increasing numbers. What factors prompt this migration?
(Frideres & Gadacz) - Precise Answer ✔✔after WW2 there was a rapid
urban growth and they moved looking for employment, better services
or escape from the reserve
,What factors tend to influence an Indigenous individual's decision to
migrate to an urban centre? (Frideres & Gadacz) - Precise Answer
✔✔go to city seeking education, work opportunities, amenities/services
that are not on reserve; women move because of housing and family
issues; people live where they can afford housing; people will choose
location based on where others from their community live; where there
is a sense of community;
Identify the main problems faced by service organizations in their
attempts to assist Indigenous people who try to establish residences in
urban areas. (Frideres & Gadacz) - Precise Answer ✔✔jurisdictional tug
of war between government results in justification for not developing
policy
public services encourage participation of individuals in society but they
fail to integrate Aboriginal people into urban society therefore they are
more of a barrier
acculturating organization promotes assimilation to Euro-Canadian
culture working on referral system but due to that Aboriginal people do
not always have the qualifications finding it challenging to even be
accepted into the program
accommodating organization attempts to compensate for the lack of
preparedness of Aboriginal in contact with Euro-Canadian society, they
are unable to offer any real assistance to Aboriginal people
,member organizations work against the assimilation into Canadian
society, they represent the interests of Aboriginal people as member of
distinct people but effectiveness is weakened by absence of employment
suited to Aboriginal people as Aboriginal people
Describe the effect of the reserve system on the daily lives of registered
Indian people. How did this system help to define Indian identity among
people of Indigenous descent? (Dyck) - Precise Answer ✔✔- isolated on
special pockets of land and were subject to different laws
- total social institution on their social and cultural organization
- vital aspect of people's reality and self-identity
- registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
How do treaty rights affect the identity of Indigenous people in
Saskatchewan? (Dyck) - Precise Answer ✔✔- registered Indians in
Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
- distinction between who is registered or not is important and objective
facts of life for Indian people
-
What arguments are advanced by those who contend that present legal
identifications of Indigenous people are arbitrary and should be ended in
favour of an all-inclusive Indigenous identity? (Dyck) - Precise Answer
✔✔- tends to homogenize and eviscerate historical and contemporary
realities
- because majority of registered Indians in the future will be urban
dwellers
, - socioeconomic needs of Metis and non-status people are equal to needs
of registered Indians and distinctions prevent government from meeting
moral obligation to all peoples of aboriginal ancestry
How might a leader of an organization of status Indians rebut such
arguments? (Dyck) - Precise Answer ✔✔no benefit to have the rights
and legal status of registered Indians eroded and replaced with a new
Native policy that could be wind down hastily as it is devised
What is the difference between an "ethnic group" as defined by Barth
and an "ethnostatus group" as defined by Waldram? - Precise Answer
✔✔Barth defined membership in a particular ethnic group as to be
effectively governed all behaviour in virtually every social situation, and
further it cannot be disregarded and temporarily set aside by other
definitions of the situation
ethnostatus groups implies that identity can be derived from a
combination of cultural and legal factors (unlike "ethnicity," which
develops primarily from cultural factors
What cultural factors make the legal distinction between "Indian" and
"Métis" appear absurd and arbitrary to some Indigenous communities?
(Waldram) - Precise Answer ✔✔Hence, the cultural category "Indian"
may include both those with and without legal Indian status. The
"Metis" as a group may also contain non-status Indians who, in search
for a more positive identity, have gravitated toward the Metis cultural
group. However, while these individuals might declare themselves as
"Metis," an objective examination might reveal a cultural pattern more
congruent with "Indian."
