MSN midterm Exam With Questions
And Correct Verified Answers||Latest
Exam 2025-2026||Already Graded A+
Hyponatremia -ANS sodium below 135 meq/L
muscle spasm, increased bowel motility, shallow respirations
Cardiac conduction system: -ANS SA node, AV node, left and right branches, bundle of
his, Purkinje fibers
Cardiac cycle -ANS one heartbeat
electrical representation of contraction and relaxation of atria/ventricles
PR interval -ANS beginning of P wave - beginning of QRS complex: 0.12-0.20 seconds
QRS complex -ANS beginning of QRS to end of QRS < or = to 0.10 seconds
QT interval -ANS Beginning of Q wave to end of T wave 0.34-0.43 seconds
HTN major cause -ANS blood backs up from left vent into lungs
alveolar edema results (crackles in lungs)
Left sided HF -ANS L- lethargy/fatigue
E- edema
F- fluid in lungs
T- tachypnea
Right sided HF -ANS Right-sided HF from left-sided HF, cor pulmonale, right ventricular
MI
Backup of blood into systemic blood vessels, peripheral edema occurs
night time urine increase output
HTN treatment -ANS lifestyle changes
antihypertensives
thiazide
ACE inhibitors
ARB's
Calcium channel blocker
Complications of HTN -ANS atherosclerosis
CAD
MI
, HF
stroke
kidney/eye damage ( eye exam 1x a year)
Types of HTN -ANS primary- no known cause
secondary- known cause
known as "silent killer"
HTN screenings -ANS normal BP age 18-39, 3-5 years
over age 39 or w/ increased risk, annually
Hypertensive emergency -ANS severe headaches, nosebleeds, SOB, severe anxiety
severe BP above 180 systolic/ 120 diastolic
target organ dysfunction progression -ANS Target Organ Damage (TOD) refers to
damage in the major organs, such as the brain, the kidneys, the heart, and even the
eyes, due to prolonged high blood pressure
Blood pressure : -ANS pressure exerted by blood on walls of blood vessels
sympathetic nervous system -ANS increases heart rate, increases need for oxygen
Pulmonary edema -ANS pink frothy sputum
rapid breathing w/ use of access muscles
severe dyspnea orthopnea
crackles, wheezes
anxiety restlessness
clammy cold skin
Therapeutic Interventions for Pulmonary edema -ANS reduce workload of left ventricle
treat underlying cause
place in semi fowlers, fowlers
give oxygen, or ventilator
diuretics
morphine
inotropic agents ( strenghten heart squeeze
vasodilators
Diagnosis for pulmonary edema -ANS ABGS
pulmonary pressures- IV in neck to heart
X-ray
Chronic HF signs -ANS fatigue and weakness
dyspnea
cough
crackles and wheezes
And Correct Verified Answers||Latest
Exam 2025-2026||Already Graded A+
Hyponatremia -ANS sodium below 135 meq/L
muscle spasm, increased bowel motility, shallow respirations
Cardiac conduction system: -ANS SA node, AV node, left and right branches, bundle of
his, Purkinje fibers
Cardiac cycle -ANS one heartbeat
electrical representation of contraction and relaxation of atria/ventricles
PR interval -ANS beginning of P wave - beginning of QRS complex: 0.12-0.20 seconds
QRS complex -ANS beginning of QRS to end of QRS < or = to 0.10 seconds
QT interval -ANS Beginning of Q wave to end of T wave 0.34-0.43 seconds
HTN major cause -ANS blood backs up from left vent into lungs
alveolar edema results (crackles in lungs)
Left sided HF -ANS L- lethargy/fatigue
E- edema
F- fluid in lungs
T- tachypnea
Right sided HF -ANS Right-sided HF from left-sided HF, cor pulmonale, right ventricular
MI
Backup of blood into systemic blood vessels, peripheral edema occurs
night time urine increase output
HTN treatment -ANS lifestyle changes
antihypertensives
thiazide
ACE inhibitors
ARB's
Calcium channel blocker
Complications of HTN -ANS atherosclerosis
CAD
MI
, HF
stroke
kidney/eye damage ( eye exam 1x a year)
Types of HTN -ANS primary- no known cause
secondary- known cause
known as "silent killer"
HTN screenings -ANS normal BP age 18-39, 3-5 years
over age 39 or w/ increased risk, annually
Hypertensive emergency -ANS severe headaches, nosebleeds, SOB, severe anxiety
severe BP above 180 systolic/ 120 diastolic
target organ dysfunction progression -ANS Target Organ Damage (TOD) refers to
damage in the major organs, such as the brain, the kidneys, the heart, and even the
eyes, due to prolonged high blood pressure
Blood pressure : -ANS pressure exerted by blood on walls of blood vessels
sympathetic nervous system -ANS increases heart rate, increases need for oxygen
Pulmonary edema -ANS pink frothy sputum
rapid breathing w/ use of access muscles
severe dyspnea orthopnea
crackles, wheezes
anxiety restlessness
clammy cold skin
Therapeutic Interventions for Pulmonary edema -ANS reduce workload of left ventricle
treat underlying cause
place in semi fowlers, fowlers
give oxygen, or ventilator
diuretics
morphine
inotropic agents ( strenghten heart squeeze
vasodilators
Diagnosis for pulmonary edema -ANS ABGS
pulmonary pressures- IV in neck to heart
X-ray
Chronic HF signs -ANS fatigue and weakness
dyspnea
cough
crackles and wheezes
