GRAY'S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — Organization of the Body
Stem (2–4 sentences)
A 58-year-old patient presents after a fall with focal pain deep
to the lateral knee. On inspection, swelling is localized inferior
to the lateral femoral condyle. Using anatomical levels of
organization and surface landmarks, which structure is most
likely responsible for a localized swelling at this site producing
lateral knee pain and functional limitation in knee extension?
Options
A. Popliteus muscle tendon sheath
B. Lateral meniscus
C. Iliotibial band bursa (iliotibial bursitis)
D. Lateral collateral ligament tear
,Correct answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): The iliotibial band (ITB) passes lateral to the
knee and overlies bursae near the lateral femoral condyle;
inflammation of this bursa commonly produces localized
lateral knee swelling and pain with terminal extension,
matching the surface landmark described. This links
regional surface anatomy to the likely soft-tissue structure
(Gray’s emphasis on levels and surface relationships).
• A (Popliteus tendon sheath): The popliteus lies more
posterior and deep in the popliteal fossa; swelling purely
lateral and inferior to the lateral condyle is less consistent
with the popliteus.
• B (Lateral meniscus): Meniscal injury produces joint line
pain and sometimes effusion, but swelling would be more
intra-articular and not as focal superficial lateral to the
lateral femoral condyle.
• D (Lateral collateral ligament): LCL tears produce
instability and tenderness along the ligament’s course, but
gross focal superficial swelling inferior to the lateral
condyle is more characteristic of adjacent bursae.
Teaching Point
Surface landmarks localize soft-tissue structures before imaging.
,Citation (Simplified APA)
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — What is anatomy? — Anatomical Position & Planes
Stem
During a bedside teaching session you ask a student to describe
the plane that divides the body into unequal anterior and
posterior sections used when viewing an AP chest radiograph.
The student names the correct plane — which plane did they
identify, and why is that plane appropriate for interpreting AP
radiographs?
Options
A. Sagittal plane — it separates medial and lateral structures
seen on AP films.
B. Coronal (frontal) plane — it divides anterior and posterior
structures visualized on AP films.
C. Transverse (axial) plane — it divides superior and inferior
parts and matches AP film projection.
D. Oblique plane — it best represents three-dimensional
structures on AP films.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
, • Correct (B): The coronal (frontal) plane divides anterior
and posterior portions of the body; AP radiographs project
structures along an anteroposterior axis so the coronal
perspective best corresponds to the film’s representation
of anterior vs posterior relationships, as Gray’s links
anatomical planes to imaging orientation.
• A (Sagittal plane): The sagittal plane separates left and
right; while important, it does not describe
anterior/posterior division seen on standard AP chest
films.
• C (Transverse/axial plane): The axial plane separates
superior and inferior; it corresponds to cross-sectional
imaging (CT/MRI), not planar AP radiographs.
• D (Oblique plane): Oblique planes are used for specific
views but are not the standard descriptor for AP
radiography orientation.
Teaching Point
AP radiographs are best interpreted relative to the coronal
(frontal) plane.
Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — Organization of the Body
Stem (2–4 sentences)
A 58-year-old patient presents after a fall with focal pain deep
to the lateral knee. On inspection, swelling is localized inferior
to the lateral femoral condyle. Using anatomical levels of
organization and surface landmarks, which structure is most
likely responsible for a localized swelling at this site producing
lateral knee pain and functional limitation in knee extension?
Options
A. Popliteus muscle tendon sheath
B. Lateral meniscus
C. Iliotibial band bursa (iliotibial bursitis)
D. Lateral collateral ligament tear
,Correct answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): The iliotibial band (ITB) passes lateral to the
knee and overlies bursae near the lateral femoral condyle;
inflammation of this bursa commonly produces localized
lateral knee swelling and pain with terminal extension,
matching the surface landmark described. This links
regional surface anatomy to the likely soft-tissue structure
(Gray’s emphasis on levels and surface relationships).
• A (Popliteus tendon sheath): The popliteus lies more
posterior and deep in the popliteal fossa; swelling purely
lateral and inferior to the lateral condyle is less consistent
with the popliteus.
• B (Lateral meniscus): Meniscal injury produces joint line
pain and sometimes effusion, but swelling would be more
intra-articular and not as focal superficial lateral to the
lateral femoral condyle.
• D (Lateral collateral ligament): LCL tears produce
instability and tenderness along the ligament’s course, but
gross focal superficial swelling inferior to the lateral
condyle is more characteristic of adjacent bursae.
Teaching Point
Surface landmarks localize soft-tissue structures before imaging.
,Citation (Simplified APA)
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — What is anatomy? — Anatomical Position & Planes
Stem
During a bedside teaching session you ask a student to describe
the plane that divides the body into unequal anterior and
posterior sections used when viewing an AP chest radiograph.
The student names the correct plane — which plane did they
identify, and why is that plane appropriate for interpreting AP
radiographs?
Options
A. Sagittal plane — it separates medial and lateral structures
seen on AP films.
B. Coronal (frontal) plane — it divides anterior and posterior
structures visualized on AP films.
C. Transverse (axial) plane — it divides superior and inferior
parts and matches AP film projection.
D. Oblique plane — it best represents three-dimensional
structures on AP films.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
, • Correct (B): The coronal (frontal) plane divides anterior
and posterior portions of the body; AP radiographs project
structures along an anteroposterior axis so the coronal
perspective best corresponds to the film’s representation
of anterior vs posterior relationships, as Gray’s links
anatomical planes to imaging orientation.
• A (Sagittal plane): The sagittal plane separates left and
right; while important, it does not describe
anterior/posterior division seen on standard AP chest
films.
• C (Transverse/axial plane): The axial plane separates
superior and inferior; it corresponds to cross-sectional
imaging (CT/MRI), not planar AP radiographs.
• D (Oblique plane): Oblique planes are used for specific
views but are not the standard descriptor for AP
radiography orientation.
Teaching Point
AP radiographs are best interpreted relative to the coronal
(frontal) plane.
Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
