Introduction to Linear Algebra for Science and Engineering (3rd Edition, Norman) – Complete Solution Manual | Fully Worked Chapter Solutions

All 9 Chapters Covered




SOLUTION MANUAL

,Table of contents
1. Euclidean Vector Spaces

2. Systems of Linear Equations

3. Matrices, Linear Mappings, and Inverses

4. Vector Spaces

5. Determinants

6. Eigenvectors and Diagonalization

7. Inner Products and Projections

8. Symmetric Matrices and Quadratic Forms

9. Complex Vector Spaces

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CHAPTER 1 Euclidean Vector Spaces

1.1 Vectors in R2 and R3
Practice Problems
1 2 1+2 3 3 4 3−4 −1
A1 (a) + = = (b) − = =
4 3 4+3 7 2 1 2−1 1
x2
1 2
1 4 3 3
3 4 2
4 4
2 1
3
4


x1
−1 3(−1) −3 2 3 4 6 −2
(c) 3 = = (d) 2 −2 = − =
4 3(4) 12 1 −1 2 −2 4


3 2 3
4 2
1

3 2 2
1 2
1

4 x1
3

x1
4 −1 4 + (−1) 3 −3 −2 −3 − (−2) −1
A2 (a) −2 + 3 = −2 + 3 = 1 (b) −4 − 5 = −4 − 5 = −9
3 (−2)3 −6
(c) −2 = =
2 1 4
(d) 21 +3 =
1
+
4/3
=
7/3
−2 (−2)(−2) 4 6 3 3 1 4
√
3 1/4 2 1/2 3/2 √ 2 1 2 3 5
(e) 2
3 1 − 2 1/3 = 2/3 − 2/3 = 0 (f) 2 √ + 3 √ 6 = √ 6 + 3 √ 6 = 4√ 6
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2 Chapter 1 Euclidean Vector Spaces
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥⎢ 2⎥ ⎥ 5 ⎥ ⎥ 2 – 5 ⎥ ⎥–3 ⎥
A3 3 –
(a) ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ 3 – 1 ⎥ = ⎥ 2 ⎥
1 =
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣4 – (–2)⎦ ⎣ 6 ⎦
4 –2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥ ⎥ ⎥–3 ⎥ ⎢⎥ 2 + (–3) ⎥⎥ ⎥ –1 ⎥
2
(b) ⎥ 1 ⎥ + ⎥ 1 ⎥ = ⎥ 1 + 1 ⎥ = ⎥ 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣–6 + (–4)⎦ ⎣–10⎦
–6 –4
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥ 4⎥ ⎢⎥ (–6)4 ⎥⎥ ⎥ –24
⎥
(c) –6 ⎥–5⎥ = ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣(–6)(–6)⎥
(–6)(–5) ⎦ = ⎥ ⎣ 30 ⎥⎥⎦
–6 36
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ 10 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥⎢–5 ⎥ ⎥–1 ⎥ ⎢⎥ ⎥⎥ ⎥⎢–3⎥⎥ ⎥ ⎥
7
(d) –2 ⎥ 1 ⎥ + 3 ⎥⎣0 ⎥⎦ = ⎥⎣–2⎥⎦ + ⎥ 0 ⎥ = ⎥–2⎥
⎣ ⎦ –1 –2 ⎣–3⎦ ⎣–5⎦
1
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥ 2/3⎥ 1 ⎢⎢ 3 ⎥⎥ ⎥ 4/3 ⎥ ⎥ 1 ⎥ ⎥ 7/3 ⎥
(e) 2 ⎥ ⎣⎢–1/3⎥ ⎥⎦ + 3 ⎢⎣⎥–2⎥⎦⎥ = ⎣⎥⎢ –2/3⎥ ⎥⎦ + ⎣⎥⎢ –2/3⎥ ⎥⎦ = ⎥
⎢⎣–4/3⎥ ⎥⎦
2 1 4 1/3 , 13/3
⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤
, ⎥⎡1⎤⎥ ⎥–1⎥⎥ ⎢ , 2
⎡ , ⎤ ⎡⎤ ⎢ 2 – π⎥
(f) 2⎥1⎥ + π ⎥ 0 ⎥ = ⎥ 2⎥⎥⎥ + ⎥ ⎥
–π
⎥0 ⎥= ⎥
, ⎥
2⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎢⎣, ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎢⎣ , ⎦
1 1 2 π 2 + π
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎢⎥2 ⎥ ⎢⎥6 ⎥ ⎥ –4 ⎥
A4 (a) 2˜v – 3 w̃ = ⎥ 4 ⎥ – ⎥–3⎥ = ⎥ 7 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 9 ⎦ ⎣–13⎦
–4
⎛⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎞ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥ ⎢⎥ 1 ⎥⎥ ⎥ 4 ⎥⎥
⎥ 5 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢5⎥⎥ ⎥⎢ 5 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢–15⎥⎥ ⎥ 5 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢–10 ⎥
(b) –3(˜v + 2w̃ ) + 5˜v = –3 ⎥⎥ 2 ⎥ + ⎥–2⎥⎥ + ⎥ 10 ⎥ = –3 ⎥0⎥ + ⎥ 10 ⎥ = ⎥ 0 + 10 = 10
⎝⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎠ ⎣–10⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣–10⎦ ⎣–12⎦⎥ ⎥⎣–10⎦⎥ ⎥⎣–22⎦⎥
–2 6 4
(c) We have w̃ – 2˜u = 3˜v, so 2˜u = w̃ – 3˜v or ˜u = 12(w̃ – 3˜v). This gives
⎛ ⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎞ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
–1/2 ⎥
1 ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥⎥⎥
⎜2 3⎟ ⎢ –1
˜u = 2 ⎝⎥⎥
⎜⎢⎣ –1⎥⎥⎦ – ⎥⎢⎣ 6 ⎦⎥⎟
⎥⎥ ⎢⎣–7/2⎥⎥⎦
⎠ = 2 ⎢⎥⎣ –7⎥⎥⎦ = ⎥
9/2
3 –6 9
⎡ ⎤
–3
(d) We have ˜u – 3˜v = 2˜u, so ˜u = –3˜v = ⎥ ⎥ –6⎥ .
⎣ ⎦⎥
6
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥ 3/2 ⎥ ⎥ 5/2 ⎥ ⎢⎢ 4 ⎥
A5 (a) 1˜v + 1 w̃ = ⎥1/2⎥ + ⎥–1/2⎥ = ⎥ 0 ⎥
2 2 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
1/2 –1 –1/2
⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ⎡⎤ ⎡⎤ ⎞ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥⎢ 8⎥⎥ ⎜⎥⎥6⎥ ⎥15⎥ ⎟⎟ ⎥ 16 ⎥ ⎥⎢–9⎥⎥ ⎥25 ⎥
(b) 2(˜v + w̃ ) – (2˜v – 3w̃) = 2 ⎥ 0 ⎥ – ⎥⎥2⎥ – ⎥–3⎥⎥ = ⎥ 0 ⎥ – ⎥ 5 ⎥ = ⎥ –5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎝⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎠ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
–1 2 –6 –2 8 –10
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥ ⎥ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
5 6 –1
(c) We have w̃ – ˜u = 2˜v, so ˜u = w̃ – 2˜v. This gives ˜u = ⎥–1⎥ – ⎥2⎥ = ⎥–3⎥.
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
–2 2 –4


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