NURS 480 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION (DETAILED
& ELABORATED) (2025/2026) TEST!!
pulmonary congestion occurs when the left ventricle cannot effectively pump into the aorta - answer
✔✔-left-sided heart failure
dyspnea
cough
crackles
low O2 sats
S3 (ventricular gallop) - answer ✔✔-manifestations of left-sided heart failure
congestion in peripheral tissue and viscera - answer ✔✔-right-sided heart failure
JVD
dependent edema
pitting edema
hepatomegaly (tenderness in RUQ)
ascites - answer ✔✔-manifestations of right-sided heart failure
a fluid overload condition associated with heart failure - answer ✔✔-congestive heart failure
typically caused by congenital weakness, trauma or diseae
risk factors:
- genetic predisposition
,- nicotine use
- hypertension - answer ✔✔-abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
complaint of heart beating in abdomen when lying down
abdominal mass or abdominal throbbing
cyanosis and mottling of toes - answer ✔✔-AAA manifestations
severe back or abdominal pain
- localized pain in middle or lower abdomen
- intense back pain
falling BP
decreasing hematocrit - answer ✔✔-AAA - signs of impending rupture
pulsatile mass in middle and upper abdomen
ultrasound
CTA - answer ✔✔-diagnostics for AAA
pharmacologic:
- manage hypertension
endovascular/surgical:
- open surgical repair
- endovascular grafting - answer ✔✔-management of AAA
anxiety
inability to sleep
persistent cough
- pink, frothy sputum
tachypnea
, hypoxemia
cyanosis
crackles
tachycardia
reduced urine output
confusion
S3 - answer ✔✔-manifestations of pulmonary edema
physical activity
low sodium
refrain from tobacco - answer ✔✔-health promotion - pulmonary edema
high Fowler's
- feet and legs dependent or sitting on side of bed
high flow O2
monitor vitals every 15 minutes
monitor I&Os
check ABGs, electrolytes, SaO2
maintain airway
restrict fluid intake
monitor hourly urine output - answer ✔✔-nursing care for pulmonary edema
rapid acting diuretics
morphine
vasodilators
digoxin - answer ✔✔-medications for pulmonary edema
failing myocardium is no longer able to propel sufficient blood to meet the needs of the body, even at
rest - answer ✔✔-decompensated heart failure
VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION (DETAILED
& ELABORATED) (2025/2026) TEST!!
pulmonary congestion occurs when the left ventricle cannot effectively pump into the aorta - answer
✔✔-left-sided heart failure
dyspnea
cough
crackles
low O2 sats
S3 (ventricular gallop) - answer ✔✔-manifestations of left-sided heart failure
congestion in peripheral tissue and viscera - answer ✔✔-right-sided heart failure
JVD
dependent edema
pitting edema
hepatomegaly (tenderness in RUQ)
ascites - answer ✔✔-manifestations of right-sided heart failure
a fluid overload condition associated with heart failure - answer ✔✔-congestive heart failure
typically caused by congenital weakness, trauma or diseae
risk factors:
- genetic predisposition
,- nicotine use
- hypertension - answer ✔✔-abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
complaint of heart beating in abdomen when lying down
abdominal mass or abdominal throbbing
cyanosis and mottling of toes - answer ✔✔-AAA manifestations
severe back or abdominal pain
- localized pain in middle or lower abdomen
- intense back pain
falling BP
decreasing hematocrit - answer ✔✔-AAA - signs of impending rupture
pulsatile mass in middle and upper abdomen
ultrasound
CTA - answer ✔✔-diagnostics for AAA
pharmacologic:
- manage hypertension
endovascular/surgical:
- open surgical repair
- endovascular grafting - answer ✔✔-management of AAA
anxiety
inability to sleep
persistent cough
- pink, frothy sputum
tachypnea
, hypoxemia
cyanosis
crackles
tachycardia
reduced urine output
confusion
S3 - answer ✔✔-manifestations of pulmonary edema
physical activity
low sodium
refrain from tobacco - answer ✔✔-health promotion - pulmonary edema
high Fowler's
- feet and legs dependent or sitting on side of bed
high flow O2
monitor vitals every 15 minutes
monitor I&Os
check ABGs, electrolytes, SaO2
maintain airway
restrict fluid intake
monitor hourly urine output - answer ✔✔-nursing care for pulmonary edema
rapid acting diuretics
morphine
vasodilators
digoxin - answer ✔✔-medications for pulmonary edema
failing myocardium is no longer able to propel sufficient blood to meet the needs of the body, even at
rest - answer ✔✔-decompensated heart failure
