HESI MED SURG EVOLVE ELSEVIER LATEST REAL
EXAM 2026 MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ | INSTANT PDF
DOWNLOAD
A client has been hospitalized with a femur fracture and is being treated with
traction. Which action by the nurse is the priority when caring for this client?
Assess neurovascular status. Correct 👀
Change the client's position.
Inspect the traction equipment.
Review pain medication orders.
The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the
surrounding tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory
compromise or tissue damage (compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's
neurovascular status is the nurse's highest priority.
A client is placed on a mechanical ventilator following a cerebral hemorrhage,
and vecuronium bromide 0.04 mg/kg q12 hours IV is prescribed. Which is the
priority nursing diagnosis for this client?
Impaired communication related to paralysis of skeletal muscles. Correct 👀
High risk for infection related to increased intracranial pressure.
Potential for injury related to impaired lung expansion.
Social isolation related to inability to communicate.
To increase the client's tolerance of endotracheal intubation and/or mechanical
ventilation, a skeletal-muscle relaxant, such as vecuronium, is usually prescribed.
Impaired communication is a serious outcome because the client cannot
,communicate his/her needs due to intubation and diaphragmatic paralysis caused
by the drug.
An elderly client is admitted with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. When
observing the client for the first signs of decreasing oxygenation, the nurse
should assess for which clinical cues?
Abominal distention.
Undue fatigue.
Cyanosis of the lips.
Confusion and tachycardia. Correct 👀
The onset of pneumonia in the elderly may be signaled by general deterioration,
confusion, increased heart rate or increased respiratory rate due to the decreased
oxygen- carbon dioxide exchange at the alveoli, known as the V-Q mismatch.
Cyanosis is a very late sign.
The nurse is interviewing a male client with hypertension. Which additional
medical diagnosis in the client's history presents the greatest risk for developing
a cerebral vascular accident (CVA)?
Diabetes mellitus. Correct 👀
Hypothyroidism.
Parkinson's disease.
Recurring pneumonia.
According to the National Stroke Association (2013), history of diabetes mellitus
poses the greatest risk for developing a CVA, 2-4Xs more than those who do not
have diabetes mellitus. The reason for this occurrence is related to the excess
glucose circulating throughout the body not being utilized by the cells, leading to
increased fatty deposits or clots inside the blood vessels in the brain or neck,
eventually causing a stroke.
A client with heart disease is on a continuous telemetry monitor and has
developed sinus bradycardia. In determining the possible cause of the
,bradycardia, the nurse assesses the client's medication record. Which
medication is most likely the cause of the bradycardia?
Propanolol. Correct 👀
Captopril.
Furosemide.
Dobutamine.
Propanolol is a beta adrenergic blocking agent, which causes decreased heart rate
and decreased contractility.
Which symptoms should the nurse expect a client to exhibit who is diagnosed
with a pheochromocytoma?
Numbness, tingling, and cramps in the extremities.
Headache, diaphoresis, and palpitations. Correct 👀
Cyanosis, fever, and classic signs of shock.
Nausea, vomiting, and muscular weakness.
Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine secreting non-cancerous tumor of the
adrenal medulla, and a headache, profuse sweating and palpitations is the typical
triad of symptoms depending upon the relative proportions of epinephrine and
norepinephrine secretion. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only treatment.
The nurse formulates the nursing problem of urinary retention related to
sensorimotor deficit for a client with multiple sclerosis. Which nursing
intervention should the nurse implement?
Teach the client techniques of intermittent self-catheterization. Correct 👀
Decrease fluid intake to prevent over distention of the bladder.
Use incontinence briefs to maintain hygiene with urinary dribbling.
Explain that anticholinergic drugs will decrease muscle spasticity.
, Bladder control is a common problem for clients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
A client with urinary retention should receive instructions about self-
catheterization to prevent bladder distention.
An older adult male client comes to the geriatric screening clinic complaining of
pain in his left calf. The nurse notices a reddened area on the calf of his right leg
which is warm to the touch and suspects it might be thrombophlebitis. Which
type of pain would further confirm this suspicion?
Pain in the calf awakening him from a sound sleep.
Calf pain on exertion which stops when standing in one place.
Pain in the calf upon exertion which is relieved by rest and elevating the
extremity. Correct 👀
Pain upon arising in the morning which is relieved after some stretching and
exercise.
Thrombophlebitis pain is relieved by rest and elevation of the extremity. It typically
occurs with exercise at the site of the thrombus, and is aggravated by placing the
extremity in a dependent position, such as standing in one place.
sphyg·mo·ma·nom·e·ter
an instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable
rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury
next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic
blood pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.
uremic fetor
a urine-like odor on the breath of people with uremia. The odor occurs from the
smell of ammonia, which is created in the saliva as a breakdown product of
urea. Uremic fetor is usually associated with an unpleasant metallic taste
(dysgeusia) and can be a symptom of chronic kidney disease.
Which physical assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in a client with
long-term gastroesophagealreflux disease (GERD)?
Hoarseness. Correct 👀
EXAM 2026 MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ | INSTANT PDF
DOWNLOAD
A client has been hospitalized with a femur fracture and is being treated with
traction. Which action by the nurse is the priority when caring for this client?
Assess neurovascular status. Correct 👀
Change the client's position.
Inspect the traction equipment.
Review pain medication orders.
The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the
surrounding tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory
compromise or tissue damage (compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's
neurovascular status is the nurse's highest priority.
A client is placed on a mechanical ventilator following a cerebral hemorrhage,
and vecuronium bromide 0.04 mg/kg q12 hours IV is prescribed. Which is the
priority nursing diagnosis for this client?
Impaired communication related to paralysis of skeletal muscles. Correct 👀
High risk for infection related to increased intracranial pressure.
Potential for injury related to impaired lung expansion.
Social isolation related to inability to communicate.
To increase the client's tolerance of endotracheal intubation and/or mechanical
ventilation, a skeletal-muscle relaxant, such as vecuronium, is usually prescribed.
Impaired communication is a serious outcome because the client cannot
,communicate his/her needs due to intubation and diaphragmatic paralysis caused
by the drug.
An elderly client is admitted with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. When
observing the client for the first signs of decreasing oxygenation, the nurse
should assess for which clinical cues?
Abominal distention.
Undue fatigue.
Cyanosis of the lips.
Confusion and tachycardia. Correct 👀
The onset of pneumonia in the elderly may be signaled by general deterioration,
confusion, increased heart rate or increased respiratory rate due to the decreased
oxygen- carbon dioxide exchange at the alveoli, known as the V-Q mismatch.
Cyanosis is a very late sign.
The nurse is interviewing a male client with hypertension. Which additional
medical diagnosis in the client's history presents the greatest risk for developing
a cerebral vascular accident (CVA)?
Diabetes mellitus. Correct 👀
Hypothyroidism.
Parkinson's disease.
Recurring pneumonia.
According to the National Stroke Association (2013), history of diabetes mellitus
poses the greatest risk for developing a CVA, 2-4Xs more than those who do not
have diabetes mellitus. The reason for this occurrence is related to the excess
glucose circulating throughout the body not being utilized by the cells, leading to
increased fatty deposits or clots inside the blood vessels in the brain or neck,
eventually causing a stroke.
A client with heart disease is on a continuous telemetry monitor and has
developed sinus bradycardia. In determining the possible cause of the
,bradycardia, the nurse assesses the client's medication record. Which
medication is most likely the cause of the bradycardia?
Propanolol. Correct 👀
Captopril.
Furosemide.
Dobutamine.
Propanolol is a beta adrenergic blocking agent, which causes decreased heart rate
and decreased contractility.
Which symptoms should the nurse expect a client to exhibit who is diagnosed
with a pheochromocytoma?
Numbness, tingling, and cramps in the extremities.
Headache, diaphoresis, and palpitations. Correct 👀
Cyanosis, fever, and classic signs of shock.
Nausea, vomiting, and muscular weakness.
Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine secreting non-cancerous tumor of the
adrenal medulla, and a headache, profuse sweating and palpitations is the typical
triad of symptoms depending upon the relative proportions of epinephrine and
norepinephrine secretion. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only treatment.
The nurse formulates the nursing problem of urinary retention related to
sensorimotor deficit for a client with multiple sclerosis. Which nursing
intervention should the nurse implement?
Teach the client techniques of intermittent self-catheterization. Correct 👀
Decrease fluid intake to prevent over distention of the bladder.
Use incontinence briefs to maintain hygiene with urinary dribbling.
Explain that anticholinergic drugs will decrease muscle spasticity.
, Bladder control is a common problem for clients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
A client with urinary retention should receive instructions about self-
catheterization to prevent bladder distention.
An older adult male client comes to the geriatric screening clinic complaining of
pain in his left calf. The nurse notices a reddened area on the calf of his right leg
which is warm to the touch and suspects it might be thrombophlebitis. Which
type of pain would further confirm this suspicion?
Pain in the calf awakening him from a sound sleep.
Calf pain on exertion which stops when standing in one place.
Pain in the calf upon exertion which is relieved by rest and elevating the
extremity. Correct 👀
Pain upon arising in the morning which is relieved after some stretching and
exercise.
Thrombophlebitis pain is relieved by rest and elevation of the extremity. It typically
occurs with exercise at the site of the thrombus, and is aggravated by placing the
extremity in a dependent position, such as standing in one place.
sphyg·mo·ma·nom·e·ter
an instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable
rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury
next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic
blood pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.
uremic fetor
a urine-like odor on the breath of people with uremia. The odor occurs from the
smell of ammonia, which is created in the saliva as a breakdown product of
urea. Uremic fetor is usually associated with an unpleasant metallic taste
(dysgeusia) and can be a symptom of chronic kidney disease.
Which physical assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in a client with
long-term gastroesophagealreflux disease (GERD)?
Hoarseness. Correct 👀
