ABPD QE REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is the purpose of the Herbst appliance? - Answer -To correct skeletal class II
malocclusion
Displaces the mandible forward with lower dental protraction.
Distalizes upper molars and restrains the maxilla
Cervical-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - Answer -Optimizes molar
distalization and extrusion
Decreases overbite (so avoid with dolichofacial patients)
A point moves 0.5-1mm distal, lower face height increases
High-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - Answer -Optimizes restraint of maxillary
growth
Minimizes vertical eruptive development
Enhances overbite
Relatively intrudes maxillary molars (so avoid in brachyfacial patients)
When is disking of primary canines indicated?
How much space per side can be achieved? - Answer -Less than 3-4mm of incisor
crowding, laterals are actively erupting, incisors are lingually malpositioned
1-2mm per side
When is extraction of the primary canines indicated? - Answer -Incisor liability over
4mm
Distorted incisor positioning
Asymmetric ectopic loss of primary canine
Placement of LLHA strongly recommended
Genetic disorder
Four levels of severity- perinatal, infantile, childhood, adult
Premature loss of deciduous teeth (fully rooted)
Abnormal cementum
Abnormally large pulp chambers
Deficient/defective alkaline phosphatase - Answer -Hypophosphatasia
Anatomy of primary teeth - Answer -Thinner enamel and dentin
Larger pulp horns in relation to crown
Pulp horns closer to DEJ (esp. MB)
Enamel rods in gingival third extend in occlusal direction from DEJ
More prominent cervical constriction
Broader, flatter contact areas
,Whiter in color, dentin is lighter
Shallower pits and fissures
More narrow occlusal table
Teeth present at birth?
Teeth present within 30 days of life? - Answer -Natal teeth
Neonatal teeth
3:1 natal:neonatal
Mucus gland tissue found on buccal and lingual aspects of maxillary alveolar ridge -
Answer -Bohn's nodules
Dental lamina remnants found on the crest of the alveolar ridge - Answer -Dental
lamina cysts
Trapped epithelial remnants found on the midpalatal raphe - Answer -Epstein pearls
Firm pink to red mass
Arises from alveolar mucosa at birth
Most common site is maxillary lateral and canine region
Females>males
Maxilla>mandible - Answer -Congenital epulis of newborn
Abortive attempt by single tooth to divide; bifid crown with single root and pulp chamber.
Clinical Dx- extra crown - Answer -Gemination
Complete cleavage of single bud results in supernumerary mirror image tooth - Answer
-Twinning
More common in primary dentition
Dentinal union of two teeth
Separate pulp chambers
Large bifid crown
Normal complement of crowns - Answer -Fusion
Fusion occurs after root formation is complete
Etiology- trauma, crowding - Answer -Concresence
Unilateral microtia
Failure of formation of mandibular ramus and condyle
Frequent eye and skeletal involvement
50% have cardiac pathology- VSD, PDA - Answer -Hemifacial microsomia
Goldenhar syndrome
Intellectual disability
, Shortening of cranial base
Underdeveloped mandible, overdeveloped maxilla
Tongue enlargement, marked crenations
Congenital hypothyroidism - Answer -Cretinisim
What is the etiology of taurodontism? - Answer -Failure of invagination of Hertwig's
epithelial root sheath
During what stage of tooth development do taurodonts, dens in dente, and dens
evaginatus occur? - Answer -Morphodifferentiation
Marfanoid body, narrow facies, full lips
Mucosal neuromas of lips, tongue, buccal mucosa and gingiva
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Pheochromocytoma - Answer -Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B
What are the two most common types of ectodermal dysplasia - Answer -Hidrotic and
hypohidrotic
What is the most common inheritance pattern of ectodermal dysplasia?
What is the prevalence of the most common form of ED? - Answer -X-linked recessive
1:100,000
What are the four common characteristic defects of ectodermal dysplasia? - Answer -
Hair, sweat glands, teeth, nails
Autosomal recessive disorder
Chronic pulmonary disease
Pancreatic insufficiency
High sweat electrolyte concentrations
Chronic progressive disease - Answer -Cystic fibrosis
1/3200 live caucasian births
Abnormal CFTR protein
Increased calclulus with decreased caries
Increased risk for candidiasis
Which syndromes are associated with taurodontism? - Answer -Klinefelter
Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome
Mohr syndrome (OFD II)
Ectodermal dysplasia
Down syndrome
Amelogenesis imperfecta type IV
"Ghost teeth"
Localized arrest in tooth development
What is the purpose of the Herbst appliance? - Answer -To correct skeletal class II
malocclusion
Displaces the mandible forward with lower dental protraction.
Distalizes upper molars and restrains the maxilla
Cervical-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - Answer -Optimizes molar
distalization and extrusion
Decreases overbite (so avoid with dolichofacial patients)
A point moves 0.5-1mm distal, lower face height increases
High-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - Answer -Optimizes restraint of maxillary
growth
Minimizes vertical eruptive development
Enhances overbite
Relatively intrudes maxillary molars (so avoid in brachyfacial patients)
When is disking of primary canines indicated?
How much space per side can be achieved? - Answer -Less than 3-4mm of incisor
crowding, laterals are actively erupting, incisors are lingually malpositioned
1-2mm per side
When is extraction of the primary canines indicated? - Answer -Incisor liability over
4mm
Distorted incisor positioning
Asymmetric ectopic loss of primary canine
Placement of LLHA strongly recommended
Genetic disorder
Four levels of severity- perinatal, infantile, childhood, adult
Premature loss of deciduous teeth (fully rooted)
Abnormal cementum
Abnormally large pulp chambers
Deficient/defective alkaline phosphatase - Answer -Hypophosphatasia
Anatomy of primary teeth - Answer -Thinner enamel and dentin
Larger pulp horns in relation to crown
Pulp horns closer to DEJ (esp. MB)
Enamel rods in gingival third extend in occlusal direction from DEJ
More prominent cervical constriction
Broader, flatter contact areas
,Whiter in color, dentin is lighter
Shallower pits and fissures
More narrow occlusal table
Teeth present at birth?
Teeth present within 30 days of life? - Answer -Natal teeth
Neonatal teeth
3:1 natal:neonatal
Mucus gland tissue found on buccal and lingual aspects of maxillary alveolar ridge -
Answer -Bohn's nodules
Dental lamina remnants found on the crest of the alveolar ridge - Answer -Dental
lamina cysts
Trapped epithelial remnants found on the midpalatal raphe - Answer -Epstein pearls
Firm pink to red mass
Arises from alveolar mucosa at birth
Most common site is maxillary lateral and canine region
Females>males
Maxilla>mandible - Answer -Congenital epulis of newborn
Abortive attempt by single tooth to divide; bifid crown with single root and pulp chamber.
Clinical Dx- extra crown - Answer -Gemination
Complete cleavage of single bud results in supernumerary mirror image tooth - Answer
-Twinning
More common in primary dentition
Dentinal union of two teeth
Separate pulp chambers
Large bifid crown
Normal complement of crowns - Answer -Fusion
Fusion occurs after root formation is complete
Etiology- trauma, crowding - Answer -Concresence
Unilateral microtia
Failure of formation of mandibular ramus and condyle
Frequent eye and skeletal involvement
50% have cardiac pathology- VSD, PDA - Answer -Hemifacial microsomia
Goldenhar syndrome
Intellectual disability
, Shortening of cranial base
Underdeveloped mandible, overdeveloped maxilla
Tongue enlargement, marked crenations
Congenital hypothyroidism - Answer -Cretinisim
What is the etiology of taurodontism? - Answer -Failure of invagination of Hertwig's
epithelial root sheath
During what stage of tooth development do taurodonts, dens in dente, and dens
evaginatus occur? - Answer -Morphodifferentiation
Marfanoid body, narrow facies, full lips
Mucosal neuromas of lips, tongue, buccal mucosa and gingiva
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Pheochromocytoma - Answer -Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B
What are the two most common types of ectodermal dysplasia - Answer -Hidrotic and
hypohidrotic
What is the most common inheritance pattern of ectodermal dysplasia?
What is the prevalence of the most common form of ED? - Answer -X-linked recessive
1:100,000
What are the four common characteristic defects of ectodermal dysplasia? - Answer -
Hair, sweat glands, teeth, nails
Autosomal recessive disorder
Chronic pulmonary disease
Pancreatic insufficiency
High sweat electrolyte concentrations
Chronic progressive disease - Answer -Cystic fibrosis
1/3200 live caucasian births
Abnormal CFTR protein
Increased calclulus with decreased caries
Increased risk for candidiasis
Which syndromes are associated with taurodontism? - Answer -Klinefelter
Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome
Mohr syndrome (OFD II)
Ectodermal dysplasia
Down syndrome
Amelogenesis imperfecta type IV
"Ghost teeth"
Localized arrest in tooth development
