ABPD PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which dental material chemically adheres to enamel and dentin?
a. Compomer
b. Flowable composite
c. Glass ionomer
d. Microhybrid composite - Answer -Glass Ionomer
the glass-ionomer liquid is a polyacrylic or other alkenoic acid, such as itaconic or
maleic, with tartaric acid added to improve handling properties. The acid has the
potential for bonding to calcium in the manner described for polycarboxylate. This
chemical bond provides retention of the cement to the tooth.
How do the plaques from caries-active subjects and caries-free subjects compare?
a. Caries-free plaques have significantly higher proportions of Mutans streptococci.
b. In the caries-active plaques, pH levels of 5.0 or lower may persist for several hours
after
sugar exposure.
c. Non-cariogenic plaques per unit of plaque protein are slightly more acidogenic than
cariogenic plaques.
d. Streptococcus salivarius of only the caries-active plaques readily convert sucrose to
lactic
acid at pH 5. - Answer -In the caries-active plaques, pH levels of 5.0 or lower may
persist for several hours after
sugar exposure.
Which of the following appears to be important primarily in smooth-surface decay?
a. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
b. Lactobacillus species
c.Streptococcus sanguis
d. Streptococcus sobrinus - Answer -Strep Sobrinus
Early-onset periodontitis patients having high concentrations of which antibody have
significantly less attachment loss than patients who lack this antibody?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM - Answer -IgG
From purple book:
LAgP etiologic fators: defects in neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis, over-reactive
monoyte response, genetic defects in gene encoding IgG2
Which type of vaccine is the human papilloma virus vaccine?
a. Inactivated
,b. Live-attenuated
c. Recombinant
d. Toxoid - Answer -Recombinant
Against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Innate immunity differs from other types of immune responses due to:
a. inability to discriminate between a group of related pathogens.
b. increase with repeated exposure to a given pathogen.
c. its presence in all individuals at all times.
d. mediation by clonal selection of antigen-specific lymphocytes. - Answer -Its presence
in all individuals at all times
-Macrophages/granulocytes, Natural Kiler Cells, Antigen presenting cells
-recognize pathogen specific patterns
Acquired immune responses depend upon:
a. granulocytes.
b. lymphocytes.
c. macrophages.
d. polymorphonuclear leukocytes. - Answer -Lymphocytes
recognize antigens
T-Cells/B-Cells
Produces antibodies
Opsonization is a process in which antibodies contribute to immunity through:
a. activating the proteins of the complement system.
b. binding to and neutralizing the pathogen to prevent cell entry.
c. coating the surface of a pathogen to enhance phagocytosis.
d. lysing microorganisms directly by forming pores in their membranes - Answer -cating
the surface of a pathogen to enhance phagocytosis
Which of the following is a primary organ of the immune system?
a. Bone marrow
b. Lymph nodes
c. Mucosa
d. Spleen - Answer -Bone Marrow-- Makes B Cells
Thymus is also primary - Makes T Cells
Secondary organs include: Spleen, Lymph, MALT
Presence of a positive odds ratio indicates:
a. a particular exposure does not affect the odds of the outcome.
b. a particular exposure is associated with higher odds of the outcome.
c. a particular exposure is associated with lower odds of the outcome.
,d. an association between exposure and outcome is statistically significant. - Answer -a
particular exposure is associated with higher odds of the outcome
Which of the following reflects expectations for clinical practice guidelines (CPG)?
a. CPG are based upon a consensus of expert opinions.
b. CPG are designed to produce minimal standards of care.
c. CPG are informed by a systematic review of evidence.
d. Deviations should be fairly rare and often cannot be justified. - Answer -CPG are
informed by a systematic review of evidence
Critical pH for dissolution of enamel has been shown to be about:
a. 5.0.
b. 5.2.
c. 5.5.
d. 5.7. - Answer -5.5
Epidemiologic evidence suggests which permanent tooth surface is most prone to
caries?
Buccal
Interproximal
Lingual
Occlusal - Answer -Occlusal
Which best describes the transmission of Mutans streptococci from primary caregiver to
child?
Diagonal
Horizontal
Tangential
Vertical - Answer -Vertical
Which drug is known to induce gingival hyperplasia?
Azathioprine
Cyclosporine
Diazepam
Methotrexate - Answer -Cyclosporine (immunosuppressant)
Can also occur with
-Phenytonin, Sodium Valproate (anticonvulsant)
-Amlodipine, Nifindipine, verapimil, diltiazem, felodipine(Ca Channel Blockers)
-high dose oral contraceptives
Under the 2017 classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and
conditions, stages of periodontal disease are based upon:
-age at onset and chronicity.
-anticipated treatment response.
-risk of rapid progression.
, -severity and complexity. - Answer -severity and complexity
Staging and Grading: indicates disease severity and complex managment wile
estimating the rate and liklihood of disease progression/response to therapy
The primary parameter to define gingivitis cases is:
a. bleeding on probing.
b. erythema.
c. loss of stippling.
d. visible plaque. - Answer -bleeding on probing
When biological variables are distributed in a bell shaped curve, approximately what
percentage
of the population lies within one standard deviation of the mean?
a. 25
b. 35
c. 50
d. 70 - Answer -70%
95% within two standard deviations (add 12.5% each side of the curve)
Standard deviation can also be called Clinical Deviation
What epidemiologic term refers to the extent to which a study is free from bias?
a. Blind allocation of subjects
b. External validity
c. Internal validity
d. Precision - Answer -Internal validity
External validity.= generalizability
The researcher's ability to offer each study participant an equal chance of being
assigned to any study group is unique to which study design?
a. Prospective cohort study
b. Prospective case control study
c. Randomized clinical trial
d. Retrospective case control study - Answer -Randomized clinical trial
-Prospective cohort- Identify population and follow the population through time for
exposures and outcomes
-Case-control study- Compare prevalence of exposures among participants with and
without an outcome
A test's ability to accurately determine the presence of caries when it is present is a
measure of:
a. false positive rate.
Which dental material chemically adheres to enamel and dentin?
a. Compomer
b. Flowable composite
c. Glass ionomer
d. Microhybrid composite - Answer -Glass Ionomer
the glass-ionomer liquid is a polyacrylic or other alkenoic acid, such as itaconic or
maleic, with tartaric acid added to improve handling properties. The acid has the
potential for bonding to calcium in the manner described for polycarboxylate. This
chemical bond provides retention of the cement to the tooth.
How do the plaques from caries-active subjects and caries-free subjects compare?
a. Caries-free plaques have significantly higher proportions of Mutans streptococci.
b. In the caries-active plaques, pH levels of 5.0 or lower may persist for several hours
after
sugar exposure.
c. Non-cariogenic plaques per unit of plaque protein are slightly more acidogenic than
cariogenic plaques.
d. Streptococcus salivarius of only the caries-active plaques readily convert sucrose to
lactic
acid at pH 5. - Answer -In the caries-active plaques, pH levels of 5.0 or lower may
persist for several hours after
sugar exposure.
Which of the following appears to be important primarily in smooth-surface decay?
a. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
b. Lactobacillus species
c.Streptococcus sanguis
d. Streptococcus sobrinus - Answer -Strep Sobrinus
Early-onset periodontitis patients having high concentrations of which antibody have
significantly less attachment loss than patients who lack this antibody?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM - Answer -IgG
From purple book:
LAgP etiologic fators: defects in neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis, over-reactive
monoyte response, genetic defects in gene encoding IgG2
Which type of vaccine is the human papilloma virus vaccine?
a. Inactivated
,b. Live-attenuated
c. Recombinant
d. Toxoid - Answer -Recombinant
Against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Innate immunity differs from other types of immune responses due to:
a. inability to discriminate between a group of related pathogens.
b. increase with repeated exposure to a given pathogen.
c. its presence in all individuals at all times.
d. mediation by clonal selection of antigen-specific lymphocytes. - Answer -Its presence
in all individuals at all times
-Macrophages/granulocytes, Natural Kiler Cells, Antigen presenting cells
-recognize pathogen specific patterns
Acquired immune responses depend upon:
a. granulocytes.
b. lymphocytes.
c. macrophages.
d. polymorphonuclear leukocytes. - Answer -Lymphocytes
recognize antigens
T-Cells/B-Cells
Produces antibodies
Opsonization is a process in which antibodies contribute to immunity through:
a. activating the proteins of the complement system.
b. binding to and neutralizing the pathogen to prevent cell entry.
c. coating the surface of a pathogen to enhance phagocytosis.
d. lysing microorganisms directly by forming pores in their membranes - Answer -cating
the surface of a pathogen to enhance phagocytosis
Which of the following is a primary organ of the immune system?
a. Bone marrow
b. Lymph nodes
c. Mucosa
d. Spleen - Answer -Bone Marrow-- Makes B Cells
Thymus is also primary - Makes T Cells
Secondary organs include: Spleen, Lymph, MALT
Presence of a positive odds ratio indicates:
a. a particular exposure does not affect the odds of the outcome.
b. a particular exposure is associated with higher odds of the outcome.
c. a particular exposure is associated with lower odds of the outcome.
,d. an association between exposure and outcome is statistically significant. - Answer -a
particular exposure is associated with higher odds of the outcome
Which of the following reflects expectations for clinical practice guidelines (CPG)?
a. CPG are based upon a consensus of expert opinions.
b. CPG are designed to produce minimal standards of care.
c. CPG are informed by a systematic review of evidence.
d. Deviations should be fairly rare and often cannot be justified. - Answer -CPG are
informed by a systematic review of evidence
Critical pH for dissolution of enamel has been shown to be about:
a. 5.0.
b. 5.2.
c. 5.5.
d. 5.7. - Answer -5.5
Epidemiologic evidence suggests which permanent tooth surface is most prone to
caries?
Buccal
Interproximal
Lingual
Occlusal - Answer -Occlusal
Which best describes the transmission of Mutans streptococci from primary caregiver to
child?
Diagonal
Horizontal
Tangential
Vertical - Answer -Vertical
Which drug is known to induce gingival hyperplasia?
Azathioprine
Cyclosporine
Diazepam
Methotrexate - Answer -Cyclosporine (immunosuppressant)
Can also occur with
-Phenytonin, Sodium Valproate (anticonvulsant)
-Amlodipine, Nifindipine, verapimil, diltiazem, felodipine(Ca Channel Blockers)
-high dose oral contraceptives
Under the 2017 classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and
conditions, stages of periodontal disease are based upon:
-age at onset and chronicity.
-anticipated treatment response.
-risk of rapid progression.
, -severity and complexity. - Answer -severity and complexity
Staging and Grading: indicates disease severity and complex managment wile
estimating the rate and liklihood of disease progression/response to therapy
The primary parameter to define gingivitis cases is:
a. bleeding on probing.
b. erythema.
c. loss of stippling.
d. visible plaque. - Answer -bleeding on probing
When biological variables are distributed in a bell shaped curve, approximately what
percentage
of the population lies within one standard deviation of the mean?
a. 25
b. 35
c. 50
d. 70 - Answer -70%
95% within two standard deviations (add 12.5% each side of the curve)
Standard deviation can also be called Clinical Deviation
What epidemiologic term refers to the extent to which a study is free from bias?
a. Blind allocation of subjects
b. External validity
c. Internal validity
d. Precision - Answer -Internal validity
External validity.= generalizability
The researcher's ability to offer each study participant an equal chance of being
assigned to any study group is unique to which study design?
a. Prospective cohort study
b. Prospective case control study
c. Randomized clinical trial
d. Retrospective case control study - Answer -Randomized clinical trial
-Prospective cohort- Identify population and follow the population through time for
exposures and outcomes
-Case-control study- Compare prevalence of exposures among participants with and
without an outcome
A test's ability to accurately determine the presence of caries when it is present is a
measure of:
a. false positive rate.
