APD QE BOARD REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What % of children experience caries in PRIMARY dentition ? - Answer -60%
What % of 5 yo experience caries? - Answer -40%
What % of 17 yo experience caries? - Answer -68%
What % of caries in school age children is in the pit and fissure areas? - Answer -90%
Caries is how many times more likely to be found in low SES families? - Answer -32x
more likely to have caries
High risk dietary practices appear to be established by what age? - Answer -12 mos
Is ECC associated with breastmilk directly? - Answer -No
What type of breastfeeding leads to caries? - Answer -Ad lib breastfeeding (>7x/day)
after 12 months old is associated with ECC
When does the AAPD recommend weening from breast or bottle? - Answer -12-18 mos
What percentage of the US population does not have F in the water? - Answer -1/3rd
(70% of the US water is fluoridated)
If a child gets sealants, what is their caries reduction? - Answer -72%
What is the success of sealants? - Answer -80-90% for a decade
When was the term "medical home" established? - Answer -1992
When was the term "dental home" established? - Answer -2001
When was the AAPD established ? - Answer -1947
What type of cleaning allows for the best absorption of F? - Answer -rubber cup and
tooth brush were equal, however do not need cleaning before F application.
What is the ideal ppm of F in water? - Answer -0.7 mm
Need supplementation <0.6 ppm
What is selective polishing? - Answer -Polishing only the teeth that are stained so that
you do not remove the F rich zone unnecessarily from other teeth that are not stained.
,What is the % caries reduction with the introduction of F? - Answer -Old: 50%
Now: 25%
How much toothpaste for <3 yo? - Answer -Smear / rice
0.1 mg
How much toothpaste for 3-6 yo? - Answer -Pea
0.25 mg
How much F is in 1 mL of F varnish? - Answer -22,500 ppm = 22.5 mg / 1mL, however
there is only 0.5 mL in a well, so it is only 11 mg of F.
Why is F caries protective? - Answer -Enhances remineralization, inhibits
demineralization, inhibits bacteria metabolism (enolase), produces a layer for Ca and F
for when the pH drops to serve as a reservoir.
What is xylitol no cariogenic? - Answer -Not metabolized by oral bacteria
What is the significance of ECC? - Answer -more risk in permanent teeth
What % of children in the US are obese? - Answer -16.9% (this is a BMI >95%)
What is the significance of weight and periodontal disease? - Answer -In children 17-21
yo, for every kg of increase in body weight and one cm of waist circumference, there
was an increase in periodontal disease
What % of middle and hight school kids use tobacco? - Answer -Middle: 6.7%
High school: 23%
When is smoking and smokeless tobacco use initiated? - Answer -Most in adolescents,
but the average age for first cigarette is 11-12 yo .
What are the risk for infants who are exposed to tobacco? - Answer -Caries, SIDS,
enamel hypoplasia, cognitive deficits, middle ear infections
What age range do you see the most trauma to primary teeth? - Answer -2-3 yo
What OJ increases dental trauma ? - Answer ->3 mm OJ
What is a Type I mouthguard? - Answer -custom
placed on maxilla, except in Class III
What is the percentage of carbamide peroxide that is used for bleaching? - Answer -10-
38%
What does carbamide peroxide break down into? - Answer -Hydrogen peroxide
, What is stronger? carbide peroxide or hydrogen? - Answer -Hydrogen
What is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide that is used? - Answer -3-13%
With internal bleaching, what are the consequences? - Answer -External resorption and
ankylosis
What does bleaching interact with periodontal tissue and bone? - Answer -Carbamide
peroxide results in the production of hydroxyl free radicals and this byproduct interacts
with the periodontal tissue and damage the root
What does the CO2 laser cut? - Answer -soft tissue
What does the diode laser cut ? - Answer -soft tissue
When is it safest to remove 3rd molars? - Answer -Middle of the 3rd decade, 25 yo to
decrease post op complications
What does the Nd:YAG cut? - Answer -Primarily soft tissue, but if the hard tissue lesion
is pigmented like caries, it can also cut some hard tissue.
What does the Er:YAG laser cut? - Answer -Hard tissue (both, but is used for hard)
What does codeine metabolize to? - Answer -Morphine
What is codeine not recommended in kids? - Answer -Genetic polymorphism (some are
going to be fast or slow metabolizers)
What layer do neural crest cells develop from? - Answer -Ectoderm
At what embryonic age does the dental lamina begin to develop? - Answer -6 weeks
What are the three components of the tooth bud? - Answer -Enamel Organ
Dental papilla
Dental sac
What are the three morphologic stages of a developing tooth bud? - Answer -Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
During the bell stage invagination of the epithelium occurs, which layer is essential for
enamel production? - Answer -Stratum intermedium
Which cells does the stellate reticulum support and protect? - Answer -Ameloblasts
What % of children experience caries in PRIMARY dentition ? - Answer -60%
What % of 5 yo experience caries? - Answer -40%
What % of 17 yo experience caries? - Answer -68%
What % of caries in school age children is in the pit and fissure areas? - Answer -90%
Caries is how many times more likely to be found in low SES families? - Answer -32x
more likely to have caries
High risk dietary practices appear to be established by what age? - Answer -12 mos
Is ECC associated with breastmilk directly? - Answer -No
What type of breastfeeding leads to caries? - Answer -Ad lib breastfeeding (>7x/day)
after 12 months old is associated with ECC
When does the AAPD recommend weening from breast or bottle? - Answer -12-18 mos
What percentage of the US population does not have F in the water? - Answer -1/3rd
(70% of the US water is fluoridated)
If a child gets sealants, what is their caries reduction? - Answer -72%
What is the success of sealants? - Answer -80-90% for a decade
When was the term "medical home" established? - Answer -1992
When was the term "dental home" established? - Answer -2001
When was the AAPD established ? - Answer -1947
What type of cleaning allows for the best absorption of F? - Answer -rubber cup and
tooth brush were equal, however do not need cleaning before F application.
What is the ideal ppm of F in water? - Answer -0.7 mm
Need supplementation <0.6 ppm
What is selective polishing? - Answer -Polishing only the teeth that are stained so that
you do not remove the F rich zone unnecessarily from other teeth that are not stained.
,What is the % caries reduction with the introduction of F? - Answer -Old: 50%
Now: 25%
How much toothpaste for <3 yo? - Answer -Smear / rice
0.1 mg
How much toothpaste for 3-6 yo? - Answer -Pea
0.25 mg
How much F is in 1 mL of F varnish? - Answer -22,500 ppm = 22.5 mg / 1mL, however
there is only 0.5 mL in a well, so it is only 11 mg of F.
Why is F caries protective? - Answer -Enhances remineralization, inhibits
demineralization, inhibits bacteria metabolism (enolase), produces a layer for Ca and F
for when the pH drops to serve as a reservoir.
What is xylitol no cariogenic? - Answer -Not metabolized by oral bacteria
What is the significance of ECC? - Answer -more risk in permanent teeth
What % of children in the US are obese? - Answer -16.9% (this is a BMI >95%)
What is the significance of weight and periodontal disease? - Answer -In children 17-21
yo, for every kg of increase in body weight and one cm of waist circumference, there
was an increase in periodontal disease
What % of middle and hight school kids use tobacco? - Answer -Middle: 6.7%
High school: 23%
When is smoking and smokeless tobacco use initiated? - Answer -Most in adolescents,
but the average age for first cigarette is 11-12 yo .
What are the risk for infants who are exposed to tobacco? - Answer -Caries, SIDS,
enamel hypoplasia, cognitive deficits, middle ear infections
What age range do you see the most trauma to primary teeth? - Answer -2-3 yo
What OJ increases dental trauma ? - Answer ->3 mm OJ
What is a Type I mouthguard? - Answer -custom
placed on maxilla, except in Class III
What is the percentage of carbamide peroxide that is used for bleaching? - Answer -10-
38%
What does carbamide peroxide break down into? - Answer -Hydrogen peroxide
, What is stronger? carbide peroxide or hydrogen? - Answer -Hydrogen
What is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide that is used? - Answer -3-13%
With internal bleaching, what are the consequences? - Answer -External resorption and
ankylosis
What does bleaching interact with periodontal tissue and bone? - Answer -Carbamide
peroxide results in the production of hydroxyl free radicals and this byproduct interacts
with the periodontal tissue and damage the root
What does the CO2 laser cut? - Answer -soft tissue
What does the diode laser cut ? - Answer -soft tissue
When is it safest to remove 3rd molars? - Answer -Middle of the 3rd decade, 25 yo to
decrease post op complications
What does the Nd:YAG cut? - Answer -Primarily soft tissue, but if the hard tissue lesion
is pigmented like caries, it can also cut some hard tissue.
What does the Er:YAG laser cut? - Answer -Hard tissue (both, but is used for hard)
What does codeine metabolize to? - Answer -Morphine
What is codeine not recommended in kids? - Answer -Genetic polymorphism (some are
going to be fast or slow metabolizers)
What layer do neural crest cells develop from? - Answer -Ectoderm
At what embryonic age does the dental lamina begin to develop? - Answer -6 weeks
What are the three components of the tooth bud? - Answer -Enamel Organ
Dental papilla
Dental sac
What are the three morphologic stages of a developing tooth bud? - Answer -Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
During the bell stage invagination of the epithelium occurs, which layer is essential for
enamel production? - Answer -Stratum intermedium
Which cells does the stellate reticulum support and protect? - Answer -Ameloblasts
