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NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review(NEW UPDATED
VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2026]
Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
CBC - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Complete blood count; measures blood components.
Hgb - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Hct - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
MCV - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
Platelet count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
Serum haptoglobin - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum iron concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Amount of iron in serum, measured in
micrograms.
Total iron binding capacity - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent saturation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum ferritin concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of immature red blood cells in blood.
Anemia of chronic disease - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
Acute blood loss anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
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Overwhelming bacterial infection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Severe infection leading to systemic
inflammatory response.
Aplastic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle cells - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left ventricular hypertrophy - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to
pressure.
Aortic stenosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic dissection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
Defibrillation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
Tachycardia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
AV Dissociation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Lack of coordination between atrial and ventricular
contractions.
Wide Complex Tachycardia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Tachycardia with QRS duration over 120 ms.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Heart muscle disease with unknown
cause, leading to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of blood pumped from the heart per beat.
Bradycardia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Interruption of electrical signals at the
atrioventricular node.
Aortic Stenosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of the aortic valve, restricting blood flow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Cancer of the blood affecting lymphoid
cells.
Hematocrit (Hct) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
Microcytic Anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia characterized by small, hypochromic red blood
cells.
Peripheral Blood Smear - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Microscopic examination of blood to assess cell
types.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
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TdT Positive - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity indicates
lymphoid lineage.
HgB - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hemoglobin concentration in blood, indicating oxygen-carrying capacity.
Platelet Count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
Flow Cytometry - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Technique to analyze cell characteristics using fluorescent
markers.
Reticulocyte Count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Measurement of young red blood cells in circulation.
Hypochromic Cells - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content.
Maxillofacial Deformities - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Abnormalities in facial structure often due to
anemia.
Echocardiogram - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Ultrasound imaging to assess heart structure and function.
Chest X-ray - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Radiographic imaging to visualize heart and lung conditions.
Coronary Artery Disease - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque
buildup.
Syncopal Episode - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased blood
flow.
Erythrocyte membrane fragility - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Increased susceptibility to rupture under
stress.
Hemoglobin F synthesis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Reduced production of fetal hemoglobin in adults.
Microcytic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood
cells.
Hypochromic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia with reduced hemoglobin content in red blood
cells.
Gastrointestinal blood loss - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
Prothrombin time (PT) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Test measuring time for blood to clot.
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Test assessing the intrinsic pathway of
coagulation.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review(NEW UPDATED
VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2026]
Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.
CBC - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Complete blood count; measures blood components.
Hgb - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Hct - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
MCV - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
Platelet count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
Serum haptoglobin - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum iron concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Amount of iron in serum, measured in
micrograms.
Total iron binding capacity - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent saturation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum ferritin concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of immature red blood cells in blood.
Anemia of chronic disease - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
Acute blood loss anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,2|Page
Overwhelming bacterial infection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Severe infection leading to systemic
inflammatory response.
Aplastic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle cells - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left ventricular hypertrophy - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to
pressure.
Aortic stenosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic dissection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
Defibrillation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
Tachycardia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
AV Dissociation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Lack of coordination between atrial and ventricular
contractions.
Wide Complex Tachycardia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Tachycardia with QRS duration over 120 ms.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Heart muscle disease with unknown
cause, leading to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of blood pumped from the heart per beat.
Bradycardia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Interruption of electrical signals at the
atrioventricular node.
Aortic Stenosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of the aortic valve, restricting blood flow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Cancer of the blood affecting lymphoid
cells.
Hematocrit (Hct) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
Microcytic Anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia characterized by small, hypochromic red blood
cells.
Peripheral Blood Smear - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Microscopic examination of blood to assess cell
types.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 3|Page
TdT Positive - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity indicates
lymphoid lineage.
HgB - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hemoglobin concentration in blood, indicating oxygen-carrying capacity.
Platelet Count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
Flow Cytometry - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Technique to analyze cell characteristics using fluorescent
markers.
Reticulocyte Count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Measurement of young red blood cells in circulation.
Hypochromic Cells - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content.
Maxillofacial Deformities - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Abnormalities in facial structure often due to
anemia.
Echocardiogram - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Ultrasound imaging to assess heart structure and function.
Chest X-ray - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Radiographic imaging to visualize heart and lung conditions.
Coronary Artery Disease - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque
buildup.
Syncopal Episode - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased blood
flow.
Erythrocyte membrane fragility - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Increased susceptibility to rupture under
stress.
Hemoglobin F synthesis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Reduced production of fetal hemoglobin in adults.
Microcytic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood
cells.
Hypochromic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia with reduced hemoglobin content in red blood
cells.
Gastrointestinal blood loss - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
Prothrombin time (PT) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Test measuring time for blood to clot.
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Test assessing the intrinsic pathway of
coagulation.
2026 2027 GRADED A+
