Critical-Care: Cardiac Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER-the pressure or resistance that the ventricles
must overcome to eject blood into the peripheral blood vessels; the amount of
resistance is directly related to arterial blood pressure and blood vessel diameter;
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Arterial Catheter - CORRECT ANSWER-may be inserted temporarily to draw
arterial blood for laboratory study or may be indwelling to provide information
about the patient's physiological condition; provides measurements of systolic,
diastolic, and mean arterial pressures and provides access for arterial blood gas
sampling and analysis
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER-the volume of blood ejected by the heart
each minute; normal range in adults is 4-7L/min
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) - CORRECT ANSWER-the pressure within the
superior vena cava; it reflects the pressure under which the blood is returned to the
right atrium
,Normal: 2-5 mmHg
Ejection Fraction - CORRECT ANSWER-the percentage of blood ejected from
the heart during systole
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-a reduction of oxygen supply to the tissues
Infarction - CORRECT ANSWER-necrosis, or cell death
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER-blockage of blood flow through a blood vessel.
If prolonged and severe, can cause irreversible damage to the tissue.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - CORRECT ANSWER-the arterial blood pressure
(between 60-70 mmHg) necessary to maintain perfusion of major body organs,
such as the kidneys and brain.
Perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER-circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in
adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER-the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end
of diastole and just before contraction; determined by the amount of blood
returning to the heart from both the venous system (right heart) and the
pulmonary system (left heart).
Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheter - CORRECT ANSWER--Used to evaluate left
ventricular and overall cardiac function
-Inserted into a central vein, usually the internal jugular or subclavian vein, and
threaded into the right atrium
,-aka Swan-Ganz catheter
-measures pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure
(PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), and cardiac output (CO)
Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood pressure in the
pulmonary artery; 10-15 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Occlusive Pressure (PAOP) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Measurement of pressure in the left atrium using a balloon-tipped catheter
introduced into the the pulmonary artery. When the balloon at the catheter tip is
inflated, the catheter advances and wedges in a branch of the pulmonary artery.
The tip o the catheter is able to sense pressures transmitted from the left atrium,
which reflect left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; also called "pulmonary artery
wedge pressure (PAWP)."
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) - CORRECT ANSWER-Measurement
of pressure in the left atrium using a balloon-tipped catheter introduced into the
the pulmonary artery. when the balloon at the catheter tip is inflated, the catheter
advances and wedges in a branch of the pulmonary artery. The tip o the catheter is
able to sense pressures transmitted from the left atrium, which reflect left
ventricular end-diastolic pressure; also called "pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
(PAOP)."
Cardiac Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-the complete cycle of events in the heart
from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next
, Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase of the
cardiac cycle where the mitral/tricuspid valves close due to increased pressure in
the ventricles; Pulmonic aortic valve remain closed
Ventricular Ejection - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase of the cardiac cycle where the
ventricular pressure exceeds aortic and pulmonary artery pressures causing
aortic/pulmonary valves to open and eject blood from the ventricles.
Isovolumetric Relaxation - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase of the cardiac cycle
where the ventricular pressure is lass than the pressure i the aorta and pulmonary
artery causing the aortic/pulmonic valves to close; All valves are closed; Blood
begins to fill the atria
Ventricular Filling - CORRECT ANSWER-Pressure is greater in the atria than the
ventricles causing the mitral/tricuspid valves to open and blood flows passively
from the atria to the ventricles; this empties approximately 75% of the blood from
the atria
Atrial Systole ("Atrial Kick") - CORRECT ANSWER-it coincides with late
ventricular diastole. The SA node fires and causes the atria to contract which
supplies the ventricles with the approximately 25% of the blood remaining in them
after ventricular filling; Atrial fibrillation can cause a loss of this and a subsequent
drop in CO.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of the nervous
system that is not under conscious control; consists of the SNS and PSNS
Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER-the pressure or resistance that the ventricles
must overcome to eject blood into the peripheral blood vessels; the amount of
resistance is directly related to arterial blood pressure and blood vessel diameter;
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Arterial Catheter - CORRECT ANSWER-may be inserted temporarily to draw
arterial blood for laboratory study or may be indwelling to provide information
about the patient's physiological condition; provides measurements of systolic,
diastolic, and mean arterial pressures and provides access for arterial blood gas
sampling and analysis
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER-the volume of blood ejected by the heart
each minute; normal range in adults is 4-7L/min
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) - CORRECT ANSWER-the pressure within the
superior vena cava; it reflects the pressure under which the blood is returned to the
right atrium
,Normal: 2-5 mmHg
Ejection Fraction - CORRECT ANSWER-the percentage of blood ejected from
the heart during systole
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-a reduction of oxygen supply to the tissues
Infarction - CORRECT ANSWER-necrosis, or cell death
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER-blockage of blood flow through a blood vessel.
If prolonged and severe, can cause irreversible damage to the tissue.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - CORRECT ANSWER-the arterial blood pressure
(between 60-70 mmHg) necessary to maintain perfusion of major body organs,
such as the kidneys and brain.
Perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER-circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in
adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER-the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end
of diastole and just before contraction; determined by the amount of blood
returning to the heart from both the venous system (right heart) and the
pulmonary system (left heart).
Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheter - CORRECT ANSWER--Used to evaluate left
ventricular and overall cardiac function
-Inserted into a central vein, usually the internal jugular or subclavian vein, and
threaded into the right atrium
,-aka Swan-Ganz catheter
-measures pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure
(PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), and cardiac output (CO)
Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood pressure in the
pulmonary artery; 10-15 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Occlusive Pressure (PAOP) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Measurement of pressure in the left atrium using a balloon-tipped catheter
introduced into the the pulmonary artery. When the balloon at the catheter tip is
inflated, the catheter advances and wedges in a branch of the pulmonary artery.
The tip o the catheter is able to sense pressures transmitted from the left atrium,
which reflect left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; also called "pulmonary artery
wedge pressure (PAWP)."
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) - CORRECT ANSWER-Measurement
of pressure in the left atrium using a balloon-tipped catheter introduced into the
the pulmonary artery. when the balloon at the catheter tip is inflated, the catheter
advances and wedges in a branch of the pulmonary artery. The tip o the catheter is
able to sense pressures transmitted from the left atrium, which reflect left
ventricular end-diastolic pressure; also called "pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
(PAOP)."
Cardiac Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-the complete cycle of events in the heart
from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next
, Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase of the
cardiac cycle where the mitral/tricuspid valves close due to increased pressure in
the ventricles; Pulmonic aortic valve remain closed
Ventricular Ejection - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase of the cardiac cycle where the
ventricular pressure exceeds aortic and pulmonary artery pressures causing
aortic/pulmonary valves to open and eject blood from the ventricles.
Isovolumetric Relaxation - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase of the cardiac cycle
where the ventricular pressure is lass than the pressure i the aorta and pulmonary
artery causing the aortic/pulmonic valves to close; All valves are closed; Blood
begins to fill the atria
Ventricular Filling - CORRECT ANSWER-Pressure is greater in the atria than the
ventricles causing the mitral/tricuspid valves to open and blood flows passively
from the atria to the ventricles; this empties approximately 75% of the blood from
the atria
Atrial Systole ("Atrial Kick") - CORRECT ANSWER-it coincides with late
ventricular diastole. The SA node fires and causes the atria to contract which
supplies the ventricles with the approximately 25% of the blood remaining in them
after ventricular filling; Atrial fibrillation can cause a loss of this and a subsequent
drop in CO.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of the nervous
system that is not under conscious control; consists of the SNS and PSNS
