MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 PORTAGE COURSE // A+ GRADED
ASSESSMENT // FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIAL STRUCTURE
FUNCTION PATHOGENESIS AND LAB APPLICATIONS FOR
STUDENT SUCCESS // ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
Microbial genetics - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how
microbes inherit traits
Molecular biology - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how DNA
directs proteins synthesis
protein synthesis- ribosomes
genomics - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of an organism genes
has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms
Eurkarya - THE CORRECT ANSWER --animals
-Plants
- Fungi:
• Distinct nucleus
• Chitin in cell walls
• Absorb organic chemicals for energy
• Yeasts: unicellular
• Molds and Mushrooms: multicellular
Bacteria - THE CORRECT ANSWER -♣ Prenucleus: no true nucleus
,♣ Peptidoglycan cell walls
♣ Divide through binary fission
♣ Usually single cell
♣ Uses the Gram Stain
♣ Most bacteria have a single shape
♣ Genus species
archaea - THE CORRECT ANSWER -♣ Can resist severe conditions
♣ Lack peptidoglycan
♣ Based off of Eukaraya
♣ Methanogens
• Anaerobic
o O2 is toxic
• Produce methane
♣ Extreme halophiles
• Require salt concentration of around 2.5%
o The normal human salt percentage is around .9%
♣ Hyperthermophiles
• Require growth temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius
Taxonomy - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the science of classifying
organisms, it shows the degree of similarity among organims
Microorganism - THE CORRECT ANSWER -are organisms that are too
small to see with the unaided eye
examples of microorganisms - THE CORRECT ANSWER -bacteria
fungi
protozoa
, microscopic algae
viruses
what kind of microscope do you use when you are working with
microorganisms you can't see? - THE CORRECT ANSWER -bright field
microscope
what are the different magnifications of a bright field microscope - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -4x
10x
40x
100x
what is the kind of microscope that you use when looking at a virus -
THE CORRECT ANSWER -electron microscope
what are the different magnifications of the electron microscope - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -1 mil
2 mil
10 mil
How are microbes helpful - THE CORRECT ANSWER -decompose
organic waste
generate O2
produce chemical products such as ethanol and others
produce fermented foods ex: vinegar, cheese, and bread
produce products used in manufacturing ex: cellulose and insulin
How many microbes are pathogenic out of all the microorganisms - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -70/10 mil
ASSESSMENT // FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIAL STRUCTURE
FUNCTION PATHOGENESIS AND LAB APPLICATIONS FOR
STUDENT SUCCESS // ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
Microbial genetics - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how
microbes inherit traits
Molecular biology - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how DNA
directs proteins synthesis
protein synthesis- ribosomes
genomics - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of an organism genes
has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms
Eurkarya - THE CORRECT ANSWER --animals
-Plants
- Fungi:
• Distinct nucleus
• Chitin in cell walls
• Absorb organic chemicals for energy
• Yeasts: unicellular
• Molds and Mushrooms: multicellular
Bacteria - THE CORRECT ANSWER -♣ Prenucleus: no true nucleus
,♣ Peptidoglycan cell walls
♣ Divide through binary fission
♣ Usually single cell
♣ Uses the Gram Stain
♣ Most bacteria have a single shape
♣ Genus species
archaea - THE CORRECT ANSWER -♣ Can resist severe conditions
♣ Lack peptidoglycan
♣ Based off of Eukaraya
♣ Methanogens
• Anaerobic
o O2 is toxic
• Produce methane
♣ Extreme halophiles
• Require salt concentration of around 2.5%
o The normal human salt percentage is around .9%
♣ Hyperthermophiles
• Require growth temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius
Taxonomy - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the science of classifying
organisms, it shows the degree of similarity among organims
Microorganism - THE CORRECT ANSWER -are organisms that are too
small to see with the unaided eye
examples of microorganisms - THE CORRECT ANSWER -bacteria
fungi
protozoa
, microscopic algae
viruses
what kind of microscope do you use when you are working with
microorganisms you can't see? - THE CORRECT ANSWER -bright field
microscope
what are the different magnifications of a bright field microscope - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -4x
10x
40x
100x
what is the kind of microscope that you use when looking at a virus -
THE CORRECT ANSWER -electron microscope
what are the different magnifications of the electron microscope - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -1 mil
2 mil
10 mil
How are microbes helpful - THE CORRECT ANSWER -decompose
organic waste
generate O2
produce chemical products such as ethanol and others
produce fermented foods ex: vinegar, cheese, and bread
produce products used in manufacturing ex: cellulose and insulin
How many microbes are pathogenic out of all the microorganisms - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -70/10 mil
