CHEM 219 FINAL EXAM (NEW UPDATED VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2025-2026]
1. Which of the following is the correct hybridization of the carbon in methane (CH₄)?
A. sp
B. sp²
C. sp³
D. dsp³
Answer: C
Rationale: Carbon in CH₄ forms four sigma bonds with tetrahedral geometry → sp³ hybridized.
2. What is the functional group in an alcohol?
A. –OH
B. –COOH
C. –NH₂
D. –CHO
Answer: A
Rationale: Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (–OH) group bonded to a saturated carbon.
3. The IUPAC name for CH₃–CH₂–OH is:
A. Methanol
B. Ethanol
C. Propanol
D. Ethanal
Answer: B
Rationale: Two-carbon alcohol → “ethanol.”
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2026 Graded A+ EXAM
, What is the maximum number of electrons that can have the quantum numbers n = 3, ℓ = 2, mℓ
= -2? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in a
given atom can share the same set of four quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms). This set of quantum
numbers contains three quantum numbers, with the only missing quantum number being ms,
which can take on the values +½ and -½. Therefore, this set of three quantum numbers
represents a single atomic orbital, which can contain two unique electrons: one with ms = +½
and one with ms = -½.
An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ An exothermic
reaction transfers energy from the system to the surroundings. That tells us the surroundings
will get warmer.
A theory is another word for a(n) _________. - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ A theory or model is a
well established explanation of a phenomenon based on a series of facts and a body of
evidence.
What is the definition of a natural law? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ A scientific law summarizes an
observable behavior.
The skeletal structure of a complex organic molecule is shown below. Determine the number of
sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in the molecule. - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Remember a single bond
= 1 σ; a double bond = 1 σ + 1 π; a triple bond = 1 σ + 2 π. This molecule contains 6 double
bonds, so there are 6σ and 6π. There are 28 single bonds, so there are 28 σ. This is a total 34σ
and 6π.
strontium phosphate - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Sr₃(PO₄)₂
Which of the following statements is true? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ One driving force in the
vaporization of a liquid is an increase in disorder (entropy). Gas molecules are more disordered
than liquid molecules. Adding a non-volatile solute to a liquid also increases the disorder of the
liquid molecules, so the difference in disorder between the liquid and gas phases is not as great
as with a pure substance. Therefore the tendency to vaporize is not as great for the solution as
it is for the pure liquid, resulting in a lower vapor pressure for the solution.
Which of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest boiling point?
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2026 Graded A+ EXAM
, A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 1.0 m HF
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ The dissolved solute will raise the boiling point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the higher the boiling point will be. The
CaCl₂ will break up into one Ca²⁺ ion and two Cl⁻ ions and there will be a concentration of 3.0 m
of "things" in solution. The other choices will have fewer "things" in solution and will raise the
boiling point less.
Which one of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest freezing point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 2.0 m CH3OH
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ The dissolved solute will lower the freezing point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the lower the freezing point will be. Since
C₆H₁₂O₆ is a molecule, it will not break apart and there will only be a concentration of 1.0 m of
molecules in solution. It will lower the freezing point less than all the other choices. There will be
fewer "things" in solution and this will lower the freezing point less than the other choices.
isoelectronic ions - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ ions containing the same number of electrons
Which of the following bonds is the most polar? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Elements that are
located far away from each other on the periodic table have larger electronegativity differences
and therefore make more polar bonds. Of all the element pairs listed, Rb and Br are the farthest
apart.
Three blocks of the same shape and size are placed in front of you. Block A has a mass of 3.0
g, block B is 5.0 g, and block C is 10.0 g. Which has the higher density? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔
Density is the ratio of mass to volume. Since the volume is constant between all the blocks, then
the block with the highest mass will have the highest density.
Density equation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ mass/volume
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dRT = PM
2026 Graded A+ EXAM
, The solubility of a gas in a liquid generally
A) increases with increasing temperature.
B) increases with decreasing temperature.
C) increases with increasing pressure.
D) both (a) and (c).
E) both (b) and (c). - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ E) both (b) and (c)
Which of the following properties, in general, increase as we move left to right across a period in
the periodic table?
1. atomic radius
2. ionization energy
3. metallic character
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2 only
E) 2 and 3 only - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ B) 2 only
All the following statements concerning a sample of oxygen gas at 1.00 atm pressure are true
EXCEPT
A) the molecules are in constant rapid random motion.
B) the pressure exerted by gaseous oxygen is due to the impact of the molecules with the walls
of the container.
C) the average kinetic energy of the gaseous oxygen is inversely proportional to the absolute
temperature of the gas.
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D) collisions between the gaseous molecules are elastic.
2026 Graded A+ EXAM
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2025-2026]
1. Which of the following is the correct hybridization of the carbon in methane (CH₄)?
A. sp
B. sp²
C. sp³
D. dsp³
Answer: C
Rationale: Carbon in CH₄ forms four sigma bonds with tetrahedral geometry → sp³ hybridized.
2. What is the functional group in an alcohol?
A. –OH
B. –COOH
C. –NH₂
D. –CHO
Answer: A
Rationale: Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (–OH) group bonded to a saturated carbon.
3. The IUPAC name for CH₃–CH₂–OH is:
A. Methanol
B. Ethanol
C. Propanol
D. Ethanal
Answer: B
Rationale: Two-carbon alcohol → “ethanol.”
1
Page
2026 Graded A+ EXAM
, What is the maximum number of electrons that can have the quantum numbers n = 3, ℓ = 2, mℓ
= -2? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in a
given atom can share the same set of four quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms). This set of quantum
numbers contains three quantum numbers, with the only missing quantum number being ms,
which can take on the values +½ and -½. Therefore, this set of three quantum numbers
represents a single atomic orbital, which can contain two unique electrons: one with ms = +½
and one with ms = -½.
An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ An exothermic
reaction transfers energy from the system to the surroundings. That tells us the surroundings
will get warmer.
A theory is another word for a(n) _________. - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ A theory or model is a
well established explanation of a phenomenon based on a series of facts and a body of
evidence.
What is the definition of a natural law? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ A scientific law summarizes an
observable behavior.
The skeletal structure of a complex organic molecule is shown below. Determine the number of
sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in the molecule. - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Remember a single bond
= 1 σ; a double bond = 1 σ + 1 π; a triple bond = 1 σ + 2 π. This molecule contains 6 double
bonds, so there are 6σ and 6π. There are 28 single bonds, so there are 28 σ. This is a total 34σ
and 6π.
strontium phosphate - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Sr₃(PO₄)₂
Which of the following statements is true? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ One driving force in the
vaporization of a liquid is an increase in disorder (entropy). Gas molecules are more disordered
than liquid molecules. Adding a non-volatile solute to a liquid also increases the disorder of the
liquid molecules, so the difference in disorder between the liquid and gas phases is not as great
as with a pure substance. Therefore the tendency to vaporize is not as great for the solution as
it is for the pure liquid, resulting in a lower vapor pressure for the solution.
Which of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest boiling point?
2
Page
2026 Graded A+ EXAM
, A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 1.0 m HF
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ The dissolved solute will raise the boiling point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the higher the boiling point will be. The
CaCl₂ will break up into one Ca²⁺ ion and two Cl⁻ ions and there will be a concentration of 3.0 m
of "things" in solution. The other choices will have fewer "things" in solution and will raise the
boiling point less.
Which one of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest freezing point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 2.0 m CH3OH
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ The dissolved solute will lower the freezing point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the lower the freezing point will be. Since
C₆H₁₂O₆ is a molecule, it will not break apart and there will only be a concentration of 1.0 m of
molecules in solution. It will lower the freezing point less than all the other choices. There will be
fewer "things" in solution and this will lower the freezing point less than the other choices.
isoelectronic ions - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ ions containing the same number of electrons
Which of the following bonds is the most polar? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Elements that are
located far away from each other on the periodic table have larger electronegativity differences
and therefore make more polar bonds. Of all the element pairs listed, Rb and Br are the farthest
apart.
Three blocks of the same shape and size are placed in front of you. Block A has a mass of 3.0
g, block B is 5.0 g, and block C is 10.0 g. Which has the higher density? - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔
Density is the ratio of mass to volume. Since the volume is constant between all the blocks, then
the block with the highest mass will have the highest density.
Density equation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ mass/volume
3
Page
dRT = PM
2026 Graded A+ EXAM
, The solubility of a gas in a liquid generally
A) increases with increasing temperature.
B) increases with decreasing temperature.
C) increases with increasing pressure.
D) both (a) and (c).
E) both (b) and (c). - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ E) both (b) and (c)
Which of the following properties, in general, increase as we move left to right across a period in
the periodic table?
1. atomic radius
2. ionization energy
3. metallic character
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2 only
E) 2 and 3 only - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ B) 2 only
All the following statements concerning a sample of oxygen gas at 1.00 atm pressure are true
EXCEPT
A) the molecules are in constant rapid random motion.
B) the pressure exerted by gaseous oxygen is due to the impact of the molecules with the walls
of the container.
C) the average kinetic energy of the gaseous oxygen is inversely proportional to the absolute
temperature of the gas.
4
Page
D) collisions between the gaseous molecules are elastic.
2026 Graded A+ EXAM
