What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics - Correct Ans - Absorption, distribution, metabolism,
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excretion
Which type of meds takes long to be absorbed? - Correct Ans - oral and intradermal/topical
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Which type of meds get quickly absorbed? - Correct Ans - sublingual and inhaled
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which type of medication gets absorbed immediately? - Correct Ans - IV meds
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what should you teach p/t taking a sublingual medication? - Correct Ans - wait for the med to be
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completely dissolved before eating and drinking
How does distribution occur? - Correct Ans - through the use of binding proteins like albumin
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two common side effects of all medications: - Correct Ans - GI upset, headache
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What is important to note about herbs starting with "G" - Correct Ans - they increase the p/t risk for
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bleeding
what is important to note about medications ending in "MAB" or "MIB" - Correct Ans - they're
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immunosuppressants and increase p/t risk for infection
How does metabolism occur? - Correct Ans - meds get broken down to their less active form by
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enzymes
Where does metabolism primarily occur? - Correct Ans - the liver
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Why are babies and older p/t at an increased risk of medication toxicity - Correct Ans - they both
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have impaired metabolism
Describe the First Pass Effect - Correct Ans - some meds get inactivated when they pass through the
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liver the first time so you may need to increase the dose to reach a therapeutic effect
Describe excretion - Correct Ans - when meds get filtered out through the kidneys
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Describe the relationship between impaired kidney function and toxicity - Correct Ans - p/t can v
adequately metabolize or excrete meds so they are at higher risk
What needs to be done for medications with a low therapeutic index? - Correct Ans - peak and
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trough
, example of one med that needs a peak and trough - Correct Ans - vancomycin
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What two characteristics of meds out a p/t at risk for toxicity? - Correct Ans - low therapeutic index
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and long half life
Agonist = - Correct Ans - enhances
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antagonist = - Correct Ans - blocks
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What do you want to teach a p/t taking an oral medication? - Correct Ans - don't mix with a lot of
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food, chin to chest, sit up
What needs to be done for transdermal medication? - Correct Ans - wash skin with soap and water
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first, remove old patch, rotate sites, choose hairless site
What needs to be done for eye drop administration? - Correct Ans - use surgical aseptic technique,
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drop in the center of the conjunctival sac, apply gentle pressure at lacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds
What needs to be done for ear drop administration? - Correct Ans - tile head or lay on unaffected
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side, pull up and out for adults, pull down and back for children
What needs to be done for NG/G tube meds? - Correct Ans - Flush before and after w/ 15 mL sterile
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water, flush again after all meds have been given
What needs to be done for suppository meds? - Correct Ans - position p/t on their left side, insert
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just past the anal sphincter
how long should a p/t keep a suppository in for a bowel movement? - Correct Ans - 20-30 minutes v
how long should a p/t keep a suppository in for systemic absorption? - Correct Ans - 60 minutes v
Proper use of a Metered dose inhaler (MDI) - Correct Ans - SHAKE inhaler 5/6x, press inhaler, take
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a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Proper use of a Dry powder inhaler (DPI) - Correct Ans - AVOID shaking inhaler, press inhaler, take
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a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Where are IM injections given to a p/t less than 2 years old? - Correct Ans - vastus lateralis
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Where can IM injections be given to a p/t greater than 2 years old? - Correct Ans - vastus lateralis,
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ventral gluteal site, deltoid
How much fluid can the vastus lateralis and ventral gluteal site hold? - Correct Ans - 2mL of fluid v
What is the max fluid the deltoid site can hold? - Correct Ans - 1mL of fluid
v
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excretion
Which type of meds takes long to be absorbed? - Correct Ans - oral and intradermal/topical
v
Which type of meds get quickly absorbed? - Correct Ans - sublingual and inhaled
v
which type of medication gets absorbed immediately? - Correct Ans - IV meds
v
what should you teach p/t taking a sublingual medication? - Correct Ans - wait for the med to be
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completely dissolved before eating and drinking
How does distribution occur? - Correct Ans - through the use of binding proteins like albumin
v
two common side effects of all medications: - Correct Ans - GI upset, headache
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What is important to note about herbs starting with "G" - Correct Ans - they increase the p/t risk for
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bleeding
what is important to note about medications ending in "MAB" or "MIB" - Correct Ans - they're
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immunosuppressants and increase p/t risk for infection
How does metabolism occur? - Correct Ans - meds get broken down to their less active form by
v
enzymes
Where does metabolism primarily occur? - Correct Ans - the liver
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Why are babies and older p/t at an increased risk of medication toxicity - Correct Ans - they both
v
have impaired metabolism
Describe the First Pass Effect - Correct Ans - some meds get inactivated when they pass through the
v
liver the first time so you may need to increase the dose to reach a therapeutic effect
Describe excretion - Correct Ans - when meds get filtered out through the kidneys
v
Describe the relationship between impaired kidney function and toxicity - Correct Ans - p/t can v
adequately metabolize or excrete meds so they are at higher risk
What needs to be done for medications with a low therapeutic index? - Correct Ans - peak and
v
trough
, example of one med that needs a peak and trough - Correct Ans - vancomycin
v
What two characteristics of meds out a p/t at risk for toxicity? - Correct Ans - low therapeutic index
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and long half life
Agonist = - Correct Ans - enhances
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antagonist = - Correct Ans - blocks
v
What do you want to teach a p/t taking an oral medication? - Correct Ans - don't mix with a lot of
v
food, chin to chest, sit up
What needs to be done for transdermal medication? - Correct Ans - wash skin with soap and water
v
first, remove old patch, rotate sites, choose hairless site
What needs to be done for eye drop administration? - Correct Ans - use surgical aseptic technique,
v
drop in the center of the conjunctival sac, apply gentle pressure at lacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds
What needs to be done for ear drop administration? - Correct Ans - tile head or lay on unaffected
v
side, pull up and out for adults, pull down and back for children
What needs to be done for NG/G tube meds? - Correct Ans - Flush before and after w/ 15 mL sterile
v
water, flush again after all meds have been given
What needs to be done for suppository meds? - Correct Ans - position p/t on their left side, insert
v
just past the anal sphincter
how long should a p/t keep a suppository in for a bowel movement? - Correct Ans - 20-30 minutes v
how long should a p/t keep a suppository in for systemic absorption? - Correct Ans - 60 minutes v
Proper use of a Metered dose inhaler (MDI) - Correct Ans - SHAKE inhaler 5/6x, press inhaler, take
v
a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Proper use of a Dry powder inhaler (DPI) - Correct Ans - AVOID shaking inhaler, press inhaler, take
v
a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale
Where are IM injections given to a p/t less than 2 years old? - Correct Ans - vastus lateralis
v
Where can IM injections be given to a p/t greater than 2 years old? - Correct Ans - vastus lateralis,
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ventral gluteal site, deltoid
How much fluid can the vastus lateralis and ventral gluteal site hold? - Correct Ans - 2mL of fluid v
What is the max fluid the deltoid site can hold? - Correct Ans - 1mL of fluid
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