MDCA 1402 Human
Disease/Pathophysiology Human Diseases
ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are Koplik's spots? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅grayish spots often develop inside the
mouth before the rash appears
In what type of disease is Koplik seen? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅measles - there is no
cure and it usually runs its course in 7 to 10 days. Treatment is supportive and may include
pain relievers and fever reducers
How does the bacteria reproduce? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅bacteria grow rapidly and
reproduce by splitting in half, a process known as binary fission. under favorable conditions
this process may only take 30 mins
Endemic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is a disease when it always occurs at low levels in a
population. sexually transmitted is an example
Pandemic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is when an epidemic has spread to include large
areas worldwide. AIDS is considered as an example
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is a disease that occurs in unusually large numbers
over a specific area. influenza is an example
What is vibrio? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅they are comma shaped cells
What are infections with helminths often called? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅they are
called infestations. are parasitic worms that are complex multicellular motile organisms. have
well-developed reproductive systems capable of producing large numbers of offspring. have
also evolved complex life cycles & strategies for infecting new hosts
, What causes malaria? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is a single-cell organism that has animal-
like characteristics. plasmodium causes malaria. It is transmitted via bites of infected
mosquitoes. they are bigger than bacteria, have a nucleus & membranous organelles but are
not mobile. plasmodium is the most notorious and is classified from sporozoans under
protozoa
Prion disease - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅short for proteinaceous infectious particle, is an
infectious agent composed only of protein. cause a number of diseases in animals & humans
known as spongiform encephalopathies (brain becomes riddled with holes) affect the
structure of the brain or neural tissue by introducing abnormal folding of normal cellular
proteins in the brain which leads to brain damage. usually progresses rapidly & are currently
untreatable & fatal. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(fCJD) are human prion diseases. are very rare & only occur in one out of every one million
With what type of infections are antibiotics used for? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅bacteria
infections can be treated with a variety of antibiotics. penicillin & related drugs act on the cell
wall, are especially useful in controlling gram-positive bacteria. some antibiotics target the
bacteria cell membrane, causing lysis. other antibiotics interfere with bacterial metabolism or
with DNA or RNA synthesis
What are the factors responsible for emergence of disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅emerging infectious diseases include outbreaks of previously unknown
diseases or known diseases whose incidence in humans has significantly increased in the past
two decades
What are the factors responsible for reemergence of disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅re-emerging infectious diseases are known diseases that have reappeared
after a significant decline in incidence. changes in climate, urbanization, crowding, increased
incidence of chronic disease, fast world travel (globalization), disruption of social
government structure can play a role in infectious diseases
What organisms cause whooping cough? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅it is a highly
contagious bacterial infection caused by bordetella pertussis. the bacteria is spread by direct
contact with respiratory droplets. Incubation is 7 to 10 days, S/S are 3 stages.
catarrhal stage: gradual onset of cold-like symptoms (lasts 2-3 wks)
paroxysmal stage: onset of classic cough (lasts 3-4 wks)
decline phase: gradual diminishment of cough
Disease/Pathophysiology Human Diseases
ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are Koplik's spots? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅grayish spots often develop inside the
mouth before the rash appears
In what type of disease is Koplik seen? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅measles - there is no
cure and it usually runs its course in 7 to 10 days. Treatment is supportive and may include
pain relievers and fever reducers
How does the bacteria reproduce? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅bacteria grow rapidly and
reproduce by splitting in half, a process known as binary fission. under favorable conditions
this process may only take 30 mins
Endemic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is a disease when it always occurs at low levels in a
population. sexually transmitted is an example
Pandemic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is when an epidemic has spread to include large
areas worldwide. AIDS is considered as an example
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is a disease that occurs in unusually large numbers
over a specific area. influenza is an example
What is vibrio? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅they are comma shaped cells
What are infections with helminths often called? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅they are
called infestations. are parasitic worms that are complex multicellular motile organisms. have
well-developed reproductive systems capable of producing large numbers of offspring. have
also evolved complex life cycles & strategies for infecting new hosts
, What causes malaria? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅is a single-cell organism that has animal-
like characteristics. plasmodium causes malaria. It is transmitted via bites of infected
mosquitoes. they are bigger than bacteria, have a nucleus & membranous organelles but are
not mobile. plasmodium is the most notorious and is classified from sporozoans under
protozoa
Prion disease - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅short for proteinaceous infectious particle, is an
infectious agent composed only of protein. cause a number of diseases in animals & humans
known as spongiform encephalopathies (brain becomes riddled with holes) affect the
structure of the brain or neural tissue by introducing abnormal folding of normal cellular
proteins in the brain which leads to brain damage. usually progresses rapidly & are currently
untreatable & fatal. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(fCJD) are human prion diseases. are very rare & only occur in one out of every one million
With what type of infections are antibiotics used for? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅bacteria
infections can be treated with a variety of antibiotics. penicillin & related drugs act on the cell
wall, are especially useful in controlling gram-positive bacteria. some antibiotics target the
bacteria cell membrane, causing lysis. other antibiotics interfere with bacterial metabolism or
with DNA or RNA synthesis
What are the factors responsible for emergence of disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅emerging infectious diseases include outbreaks of previously unknown
diseases or known diseases whose incidence in humans has significantly increased in the past
two decades
What are the factors responsible for reemergence of disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅re-emerging infectious diseases are known diseases that have reappeared
after a significant decline in incidence. changes in climate, urbanization, crowding, increased
incidence of chronic disease, fast world travel (globalization), disruption of social
government structure can play a role in infectious diseases
What organisms cause whooping cough? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅it is a highly
contagious bacterial infection caused by bordetella pertussis. the bacteria is spread by direct
contact with respiratory droplets. Incubation is 7 to 10 days, S/S are 3 stages.
catarrhal stage: gradual onset of cold-like symptoms (lasts 2-3 wks)
paroxysmal stage: onset of classic cough (lasts 3-4 wks)
decline phase: gradual diminishment of cough
