Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA)
Examination Study Cards ACTUAL
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Photography is ... while medical imaging is... - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Documentary/
diagnostic (like the angiography dye test)
Ophthalmic photography - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The only type of photography that
has diagnostic capability.
Red eye phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Caused by the reflection of the light
source in the retina.
Fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the thickening and scarring of connective tissue,
usually as a result of injury or after surgery.
Systemic diseases visible without dye injection - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Diabetes, high
blood pressure, some cancers, even early detection of Alzheimer's and other brain diseases.
Digital imaging - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Expanded the capability of the ophthalmic
imager to include other techniques like ICG's and Fundus AF imaging.
Stereo photography - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Fundus imaging used to stimulate the three
dimensional aspect of retinal examination. Can communicate depth in fundus photography
and angiography.
Adnexa - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Supporting structures surrounding the eye that protect
and assist. These include eyelids, muscles, tear glands..
Anterior segment of the eye - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The front half of an eye (lens and
cornea)
,Posterior segment of the eye - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The back half of the eye (interior
surface, sensing structures, retina)
Stereo field - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Area after seeing the crescent in a fundus camera
that is halfway in and halfway out of the dilated pupil. Because of this the field of view will
always be darker and often not as sharp as the center image. One of the two fields will always
have higher quality than the other.
When imaging a stereo pair on a fundus camera..... - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Movement
to take the two images should always be left to right.
The globe - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Medical term for the eyeball
Rectus muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Main directions of eye movement are
accomplished with this.
Superior rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Allow eyeball to look upward.
Inferior rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Allow eyeball to look downward.
Medial rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Moves eye toward the nose.
Lateral rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Moves eye toward the temple.
Oblique eye muscles (Superior and inferior) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Additional eye
muscles that provide for the subtle rotation and diagonal movement of the eye.
Attached sideways via a pulley system, when the muscle contracts, it shortens through the
pulley, creating a slight rotational movement of the globe.
Annulus of Zinn - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a dense, fibrous ring of connective tissue
located at the apex of the orbit that is the origin of four of the six extraocular muscles - the
superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, and medial rectus.
, Eyelids - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Enclose the orbit, protect the globe, and help distribute
tears across the anterior surfaces.
Eyelashes - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Protect eye from debris, dust and perspiration. Also
warn of something close to the eye, results in reflexive closing to provide protection from
incoming objects.
Levator palpebrae (superioris) muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Opens the eye by
retracting the upper eyelid.
'Palpebral' or 'Blepharo' - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅indicate 'relating to the eyelids'
Orbicularis Oculi - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Muscle that closes the eyelid.
Inferior and superior tarsal plates - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Cartilaginous plates that
provide the eyelid with structure and assist with the eyes being able to close fully.
Tears: Oily layer - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The outer. Produced by the meibomian
glands. Very thin and helps prevent evaporation of the inner layers of tears.
Meibomian glands - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Located in the eyelids and secreted by
blinking.
Tears: Aqueous layer - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The middle. Made primarily of water and
proteins. Works to wash away debris, provide nourishment to the Cornea, and prevent
infection. Makes the largest portion of tears and is produced by the lacrimal gland.
Tears: Mucus layer - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Produced in goblet cells which are located
in the transparent, vascular lining around the eye called the conjunctiva. Helps ensure even
distribution of tears across the globe.
Examination Study Cards ACTUAL
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Photography is ... while medical imaging is... - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Documentary/
diagnostic (like the angiography dye test)
Ophthalmic photography - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The only type of photography that
has diagnostic capability.
Red eye phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Caused by the reflection of the light
source in the retina.
Fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the thickening and scarring of connective tissue,
usually as a result of injury or after surgery.
Systemic diseases visible without dye injection - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Diabetes, high
blood pressure, some cancers, even early detection of Alzheimer's and other brain diseases.
Digital imaging - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Expanded the capability of the ophthalmic
imager to include other techniques like ICG's and Fundus AF imaging.
Stereo photography - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Fundus imaging used to stimulate the three
dimensional aspect of retinal examination. Can communicate depth in fundus photography
and angiography.
Adnexa - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Supporting structures surrounding the eye that protect
and assist. These include eyelids, muscles, tear glands..
Anterior segment of the eye - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The front half of an eye (lens and
cornea)
,Posterior segment of the eye - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The back half of the eye (interior
surface, sensing structures, retina)
Stereo field - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Area after seeing the crescent in a fundus camera
that is halfway in and halfway out of the dilated pupil. Because of this the field of view will
always be darker and often not as sharp as the center image. One of the two fields will always
have higher quality than the other.
When imaging a stereo pair on a fundus camera..... - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Movement
to take the two images should always be left to right.
The globe - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Medical term for the eyeball
Rectus muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Main directions of eye movement are
accomplished with this.
Superior rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Allow eyeball to look upward.
Inferior rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Allow eyeball to look downward.
Medial rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Moves eye toward the nose.
Lateral rectus muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Moves eye toward the temple.
Oblique eye muscles (Superior and inferior) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Additional eye
muscles that provide for the subtle rotation and diagonal movement of the eye.
Attached sideways via a pulley system, when the muscle contracts, it shortens through the
pulley, creating a slight rotational movement of the globe.
Annulus of Zinn - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a dense, fibrous ring of connective tissue
located at the apex of the orbit that is the origin of four of the six extraocular muscles - the
superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, and medial rectus.
, Eyelids - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Enclose the orbit, protect the globe, and help distribute
tears across the anterior surfaces.
Eyelashes - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Protect eye from debris, dust and perspiration. Also
warn of something close to the eye, results in reflexive closing to provide protection from
incoming objects.
Levator palpebrae (superioris) muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Opens the eye by
retracting the upper eyelid.
'Palpebral' or 'Blepharo' - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅indicate 'relating to the eyelids'
Orbicularis Oculi - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Muscle that closes the eyelid.
Inferior and superior tarsal plates - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Cartilaginous plates that
provide the eyelid with structure and assist with the eyes being able to close fully.
Tears: Oily layer - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The outer. Produced by the meibomian
glands. Very thin and helps prevent evaporation of the inner layers of tears.
Meibomian glands - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Located in the eyelids and secreted by
blinking.
Tears: Aqueous layer - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The middle. Made primarily of water and
proteins. Works to wash away debris, provide nourishment to the Cornea, and prevent
infection. Makes the largest portion of tears and is produced by the lacrimal gland.
Tears: Mucus layer - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Produced in goblet cells which are located
in the transparent, vascular lining around the eye called the conjunctiva. Helps ensure even
distribution of tears across the globe.
