Histology NBME EXAM Questions & Answers |
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Terms in this set (136)
Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin on EC side
Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine on
inside
Increase in cholesterol => decrease in
Cell membrane
fluidity/permeability
In some cells, covered by carb-rich glycocalyx
Receptor-mediated endocytosis => both receptor and
ligand get ingested by clathrin-coated vesicle
CF: defect in CTFR => salty sweat and thick mucus
Cystinuria: inability to reabsorb cys in kidneys =>
kidney stones
Disorders of transport Hereditary hypercholesterolemia: no LDL receptors
on cells
Textrodotoxin (puffer fish) blocks Na channels =>
death
Ras: mutation => even on w/o ligand => neoplastic
transform
Cholera: active GPCR w/o ligand => more cAMP =>
Disorders of cell signalling diarrhea
Curare: nACHr antagonist => paralysis
Graves: autoimmune stim of TSH receptor =>
hyperthyroidism and decreased TSH levels
, ZO: tight junctions fuse ECM sides of adjacent cell
PMs
ZO acts a diffusion barrier
MA: spot desmosome that has proteins anchored in
Junctions plaques
MA held together by cadherins and leave wide gap
b/t cells
GJ: connexon channels assoc to form passage b/t
cells
Outer membrane is relatively permeable and inner
opposite
Mitochrondria
Proteins made from nuclear DNA made in cytosol
then imported
ATP-powered H pump maintains acidic environment
Primary lysosomes bud from Golgi and can't digest
Secondary digest and form heterophagic or
Lysosomes autophagic vacuole
Residual bodies are postdigestive lysosomes with
leftover stuff, such as lipofuscin, which increases w/
age
Oxidases break down toxic metabolites, releasing
H2O2
Peroxisome Catalases break down H2O2
Zellweger => PCKD, jaundice, hypotonia,
hepatomegaly
Continuous with nuclear envelope and SER/RER
continuous
RER makes/modifies proteins for secetion, PM, Golgi,
ER
ER, and lysosome
SER for lipid/glycogen metabolism, detox (P450), and
Ca stores
, Signal peptide (N-terminus) on growing chain binds
with SRP in cytosol, which binds to SRP receptor on
ER membrane
RER protein synthesis
Ribosome-protein complex transferred to translocon,
where N-terminus end moves through to lumen side
as translation is still occurring on other side
All RER-made proteins w/o ER retention signal move
to cis-Golgi via transer vesicles
Trans golgi is mature and sends vesicles to lysosome
Golgi and PM
Distrib glycoproteins such that intracellular organelles
have oligosacc side chain facing inside and PM has
facing outside`
Made of 13 protofilaments, which are ab-tubulin linear
polymers
MTs "-" end anchored to centrosomes
Kinesins walk towards "+" end, and dyneins opposite
Important for cilia, flagella, and mitotic spindle
Made of F-actin in helical form
Make up cortical actin network, which is anchored to
PM by various proteins (dystrophin in mm, spectrin in
MFs
RBC)
Gives cell shape and connects it to the ECM and
other cells
More permanent (no +/- ends) and ropelike structures
IFs Proteins involved are cell specific (desmin in mm,
keratin in epithelial cells, lamins in nuclei)
2 membranes, each with a bilayer
Outer membrane has ribosomoes on outer side
Nuclear lamina separates contents and inner
Nuclear envelope
membrane
Nuclear pores where the inner and outer membranes
fuse
100% Verifed solutions | Latest!!
Save
Terms in this set (136)
Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin on EC side
Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine on
inside
Increase in cholesterol => decrease in
Cell membrane
fluidity/permeability
In some cells, covered by carb-rich glycocalyx
Receptor-mediated endocytosis => both receptor and
ligand get ingested by clathrin-coated vesicle
CF: defect in CTFR => salty sweat and thick mucus
Cystinuria: inability to reabsorb cys in kidneys =>
kidney stones
Disorders of transport Hereditary hypercholesterolemia: no LDL receptors
on cells
Textrodotoxin (puffer fish) blocks Na channels =>
death
Ras: mutation => even on w/o ligand => neoplastic
transform
Cholera: active GPCR w/o ligand => more cAMP =>
Disorders of cell signalling diarrhea
Curare: nACHr antagonist => paralysis
Graves: autoimmune stim of TSH receptor =>
hyperthyroidism and decreased TSH levels
, ZO: tight junctions fuse ECM sides of adjacent cell
PMs
ZO acts a diffusion barrier
MA: spot desmosome that has proteins anchored in
Junctions plaques
MA held together by cadherins and leave wide gap
b/t cells
GJ: connexon channels assoc to form passage b/t
cells
Outer membrane is relatively permeable and inner
opposite
Mitochrondria
Proteins made from nuclear DNA made in cytosol
then imported
ATP-powered H pump maintains acidic environment
Primary lysosomes bud from Golgi and can't digest
Secondary digest and form heterophagic or
Lysosomes autophagic vacuole
Residual bodies are postdigestive lysosomes with
leftover stuff, such as lipofuscin, which increases w/
age
Oxidases break down toxic metabolites, releasing
H2O2
Peroxisome Catalases break down H2O2
Zellweger => PCKD, jaundice, hypotonia,
hepatomegaly
Continuous with nuclear envelope and SER/RER
continuous
RER makes/modifies proteins for secetion, PM, Golgi,
ER
ER, and lysosome
SER for lipid/glycogen metabolism, detox (P450), and
Ca stores
, Signal peptide (N-terminus) on growing chain binds
with SRP in cytosol, which binds to SRP receptor on
ER membrane
RER protein synthesis
Ribosome-protein complex transferred to translocon,
where N-terminus end moves through to lumen side
as translation is still occurring on other side
All RER-made proteins w/o ER retention signal move
to cis-Golgi via transer vesicles
Trans golgi is mature and sends vesicles to lysosome
Golgi and PM
Distrib glycoproteins such that intracellular organelles
have oligosacc side chain facing inside and PM has
facing outside`
Made of 13 protofilaments, which are ab-tubulin linear
polymers
MTs "-" end anchored to centrosomes
Kinesins walk towards "+" end, and dyneins opposite
Important for cilia, flagella, and mitotic spindle
Made of F-actin in helical form
Make up cortical actin network, which is anchored to
PM by various proteins (dystrophin in mm, spectrin in
MFs
RBC)
Gives cell shape and connects it to the ECM and
other cells
More permanent (no +/- ends) and ropelike structures
IFs Proteins involved are cell specific (desmin in mm,
keratin in epithelial cells, lamins in nuclei)
2 membranes, each with a bilayer
Outer membrane has ribosomoes on outer side
Nuclear lamina separates contents and inner
Nuclear envelope
membrane
Nuclear pores where the inner and outer membranes
fuse
