CMY3702 EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ conservation crime may therefore be considered. Answer: the
vanguard
of conservation criminology. The defi nition of conservation includes the
defi nition
of illegal trade in endangered species.
◉ Illegal trade includes. Answer: the hunting, capture,
possession, import, export or transport of endangered species of fauna
and fl ora as
well as the donation or receipt of such species as gifts
◉ Smuggling. Answer: is the deceitful or unlawful import, export, trade
or production of scarce
goods (e.g. rhino horn), alcoholic beverages and precious stones.
◉ Endangered species. Answer: are those species on the brink of
extinction or
,those in danger of becoming extinct unless urgent measures are taken to
enforce the
strict regulation of trade in such species
◉ Endangered species are listed. Answer: in Annexures I and
II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (or CITES).
◉ CITES. Answer: Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora
◉ Convention lists three categories of protection. Answer: • Appendix I:
These species are the most endangered among CITES-listed
animals and plants. They are threatened with extinction and CITES
prohibits
international trade in specimens of these species except when the
purpose of
the import is not commercial (e.g. for scientific research).
• Appendix II: These species are not necessarily threatened with
extinction, but may become so unless trade is closely controlled.
,• Appendix III: Species in this category are conditionally tradable in
order to help individual countries gain international cooperation in
protecting their own native species.
◉ South African Environment Conservation Act, 73 of 1989, defines the
environment
as. Answer: the aggregate of surrounding objects, conditions and
influences that affect the life and habits of people or any other organism
or collection of organisms
◉ According to Schulze (1991:16), the environment may be defined.
Answer: as water, soil and air, as well as the interaction between these
resources and all creatures.
◉ Environmental pollution may be defined. Answer: as the slow,
insidious process of destroying the world by contaminating and killing
the earth's ability to support life
◉ Kidd (1997:121) defines pollution. Answer: as the introduction by
humans into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause
hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological
systems, damage to structures or amenities, or interference with
legitimate uses of the environment.
◉ Environmental criminology. Answer: = most commonly used term to
describe criminality directed at the natural environment
, = In criminological circles
environmental criminology refers to a growing fi eld that explores how
actual criminal events involve interaction between motivated individuals
and the surrounding social,
economic, legal and physical environments
= the term "environmental" in criminology is still
principally used in studies of place and the spatial patterning of crime.
◉ Ecological criminology. Answer: = Brantingham and Brantingham
and Van Heerden describe ecological criminology as being primarily
associated with the study of spatial patterns of crime in an urban context.
= Williams and McShane agree, postulating that
an ecological study allows researchers to transcend individuality and,
through the collection of social data, gain a sense of the characteristics
of large groups of people
◉ Green criminology. Answer: = South and Beirne use this term to
describe the study of crime and its negative impact on natural resources
= green crime/criminology might easily and erroneously be associated
with the so-called greenies or bunny-huggers, expressions used to
describe the fanatical, overzealous and activist conservation fringe.
◉ why is Conservation criminology better term. Answer: = symbolises a
balanced approach and definitely does not favour any particular belief
within the natural resources or conservation realm
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ conservation crime may therefore be considered. Answer: the
vanguard
of conservation criminology. The defi nition of conservation includes the
defi nition
of illegal trade in endangered species.
◉ Illegal trade includes. Answer: the hunting, capture,
possession, import, export or transport of endangered species of fauna
and fl ora as
well as the donation or receipt of such species as gifts
◉ Smuggling. Answer: is the deceitful or unlawful import, export, trade
or production of scarce
goods (e.g. rhino horn), alcoholic beverages and precious stones.
◉ Endangered species. Answer: are those species on the brink of
extinction or
,those in danger of becoming extinct unless urgent measures are taken to
enforce the
strict regulation of trade in such species
◉ Endangered species are listed. Answer: in Annexures I and
II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (or CITES).
◉ CITES. Answer: Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora
◉ Convention lists three categories of protection. Answer: • Appendix I:
These species are the most endangered among CITES-listed
animals and plants. They are threatened with extinction and CITES
prohibits
international trade in specimens of these species except when the
purpose of
the import is not commercial (e.g. for scientific research).
• Appendix II: These species are not necessarily threatened with
extinction, but may become so unless trade is closely controlled.
,• Appendix III: Species in this category are conditionally tradable in
order to help individual countries gain international cooperation in
protecting their own native species.
◉ South African Environment Conservation Act, 73 of 1989, defines the
environment
as. Answer: the aggregate of surrounding objects, conditions and
influences that affect the life and habits of people or any other organism
or collection of organisms
◉ According to Schulze (1991:16), the environment may be defined.
Answer: as water, soil and air, as well as the interaction between these
resources and all creatures.
◉ Environmental pollution may be defined. Answer: as the slow,
insidious process of destroying the world by contaminating and killing
the earth's ability to support life
◉ Kidd (1997:121) defines pollution. Answer: as the introduction by
humans into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause
hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological
systems, damage to structures or amenities, or interference with
legitimate uses of the environment.
◉ Environmental criminology. Answer: = most commonly used term to
describe criminality directed at the natural environment
, = In criminological circles
environmental criminology refers to a growing fi eld that explores how
actual criminal events involve interaction between motivated individuals
and the surrounding social,
economic, legal and physical environments
= the term "environmental" in criminology is still
principally used in studies of place and the spatial patterning of crime.
◉ Ecological criminology. Answer: = Brantingham and Brantingham
and Van Heerden describe ecological criminology as being primarily
associated with the study of spatial patterns of crime in an urban context.
= Williams and McShane agree, postulating that
an ecological study allows researchers to transcend individuality and,
through the collection of social data, gain a sense of the characteristics
of large groups of people
◉ Green criminology. Answer: = South and Beirne use this term to
describe the study of crime and its negative impact on natural resources
= green crime/criminology might easily and erroneously be associated
with the so-called greenies or bunny-huggers, expressions used to
describe the fanatical, overzealous and activist conservation fringe.
◉ why is Conservation criminology better term. Answer: = symbolises a
balanced approach and definitely does not favour any particular belief
within the natural resources or conservation realm
