MMSC 490 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Glycolysis - Answers Which energy-producing process is thought to have come first during
cellular evolution?
maintained these molecules as a unit capable of reproduction and evolution. - Answers The
initial importance of a membrane enclosing self-replicating RNA molecules and associated
proteins was that it
have their own DNA, have their own ribosomes, reproduce by simple division into two. - Answers
Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria in that they
Volvox - Answers Which of the following is a colonial organism closely related to the
evolutionary precursors of present-day plants?
trace the developmental lineages of all cells in the adult. - Answers The simplicity and clarity of
Caenorhabditis elegans allowed researchers to
Drosophila melanogaster - Answers Studies on which model experimental organism led to the
initial discovery of important mechanisms controlling the development of the animal body plan?
Archaebacteria - Answers Which of the following is not a unicellular eukaryote?
platelets. - Answers The growth factor that stimulates fibroblasts to divide around a wound is
released by
glycosidic - Answers In polysaccharides, sugars are linked together by means of .......... bonds
Glutamine - Answers Which of the following is not a basic amino acid?
peptide - Answers In the primary structure of a protein, amino acids are joined together by ..........
bonds.
Starch - Answers What is the major carbohydrate-storage molecule in plants?
decreasing membrane fluidity at high temperatures and increasing membrane fluidity at low
temperatures - Answers Cholesterol affects the fluidity of membranes by
estradiol. - Answers Cholesterol, a membrane lipid in animals, has a chemical structure similar
to
fruit fly Drosophila. - Answers Our fundamental knowledge about mutation, genetic linkage, and
the relationships between genes and chromosomes was acquired largely from experiments on
the
An expression plasmid containing cDNA made from the mRNA for the protein - Answers Which
of the following would be used to express a human protein in E. coli?
,to complementary mRNA sequences and block protein synthesis. - Answers When introduced
into living cells, antisense RNA molecules bind
They form double-stranded RNA molecules that get degraded in the cytoplasm. - Answers In
RNA interference experiments, siRNAs homologous to known mRNAs inhibit expression of the
proteins by what mechanism?
They are a part of a gene, but they are absent from the corresponding mRNA - Answers Which
of the following statements about introns is true?
Meters - Answers The extended length of all the DNA in one human cell is about 2:
90 - Answers Introns constitute about what percentage of the average human genome
Epigenetic inheritance - Answers The transfer of information from parent to progeny that is not
based on DNA sequence is known as
Sediment unique bands in equilibrium density gradient centrifugation
Are present in tandem arrays of thousands of copies
Reassociate more rapidly than non repeated sequences - Answers Simple sequence repeats
26000 - Answers Even though its much smaller, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana has about ___
genes, similar to the amount a human has
Between 1 and 6 exons - Answers If the human gene is found to contain 5 intons, the mature
mRNA encoded by that gene would have how many exons
Small nuclear RNA
miRNA
Sequences that control RNA processing - Answers Introns can encode:
Chromosome end structures required for correct replication of linear chromosomes - Answers
Telomeres are
Centromere - Answers During mitosis, highly condensed chromosomes consists of two sister
chromatids joined at the
Histones, one histone H1 and 166 bp of DNA - Answers A chromatosome is a complex of eight
core
Circular - Answers The chromosomes of prokaryotes different than those of eukaryotes in that
prokaryotic chromosomes are
Drosha - Answers During the processing of mrRNA, which of the following cleaved the 5' 3' tails
, away from the hairpin structure in the primary miRNA
Splicing - Answers In the nucleus, introns are removed from transcripts by
Nucleosome - Answers The DNA of eukaryotic cells is wrapped around histones to from
structures called
Chromosomes - Answers During metaphase in actively dividing cells, DNA is found in which of
the following
Have more noncoding DNA then humans have - Answers The genomes of salamanders contain
ten times more DNA than the genomes of humans because salamanders
Highly condensed, transcriptionally inactive chromatin - Answers Heterchormtin consists of:
A functional product - Answers A gene can be defined as a segment of DNA that codes for
One molecule of H1 - Answers What is not found in the nucleosome core particle
Decondensed transcriptionally active chromatin - Answers Euchromatin consists of
Sites of spindle attachment to the chromosomes - Answers Kinetochores are the
Between protein-coding sequences - Answers Introns in mRNA coding genes are transcribed
sequences:
A set of related but slightly different genes in one individual - Answers A gene family is
Nonfunctional gene copies - Answers Pseudogenes are
Satellite DNA - Answers Results of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation on genomic
DNA often reveal relatively small peaks of DNA that separate from the main genomic DNA peak
and consiots of 1000s of shirt repetitive sequences referred to as
Alternative splicing - Answers The human genome consists of 20000-25000 genes but can
produce up to 100000 gene products. WHY?
Nucleosomes are placed 200 bp apart - Answers Nuclease digestion of chromatin occurs at
sites separated by approximately 200 bp because
Alternative splicing - Answers Synthesis of different proteins from the same genes is due to
Telophase - Answers During what phase does the nuclear membrane reform
Nested genes - Answers What is the term used to describe protein encoding regions found
completely within an intron
An exon may contain sequences for small nucleolar RNAs. - Answers Which statement about
Glycolysis - Answers Which energy-producing process is thought to have come first during
cellular evolution?
maintained these molecules as a unit capable of reproduction and evolution. - Answers The
initial importance of a membrane enclosing self-replicating RNA molecules and associated
proteins was that it
have their own DNA, have their own ribosomes, reproduce by simple division into two. - Answers
Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria in that they
Volvox - Answers Which of the following is a colonial organism closely related to the
evolutionary precursors of present-day plants?
trace the developmental lineages of all cells in the adult. - Answers The simplicity and clarity of
Caenorhabditis elegans allowed researchers to
Drosophila melanogaster - Answers Studies on which model experimental organism led to the
initial discovery of important mechanisms controlling the development of the animal body plan?
Archaebacteria - Answers Which of the following is not a unicellular eukaryote?
platelets. - Answers The growth factor that stimulates fibroblasts to divide around a wound is
released by
glycosidic - Answers In polysaccharides, sugars are linked together by means of .......... bonds
Glutamine - Answers Which of the following is not a basic amino acid?
peptide - Answers In the primary structure of a protein, amino acids are joined together by ..........
bonds.
Starch - Answers What is the major carbohydrate-storage molecule in plants?
decreasing membrane fluidity at high temperatures and increasing membrane fluidity at low
temperatures - Answers Cholesterol affects the fluidity of membranes by
estradiol. - Answers Cholesterol, a membrane lipid in animals, has a chemical structure similar
to
fruit fly Drosophila. - Answers Our fundamental knowledge about mutation, genetic linkage, and
the relationships between genes and chromosomes was acquired largely from experiments on
the
An expression plasmid containing cDNA made from the mRNA for the protein - Answers Which
of the following would be used to express a human protein in E. coli?
,to complementary mRNA sequences and block protein synthesis. - Answers When introduced
into living cells, antisense RNA molecules bind
They form double-stranded RNA molecules that get degraded in the cytoplasm. - Answers In
RNA interference experiments, siRNAs homologous to known mRNAs inhibit expression of the
proteins by what mechanism?
They are a part of a gene, but they are absent from the corresponding mRNA - Answers Which
of the following statements about introns is true?
Meters - Answers The extended length of all the DNA in one human cell is about 2:
90 - Answers Introns constitute about what percentage of the average human genome
Epigenetic inheritance - Answers The transfer of information from parent to progeny that is not
based on DNA sequence is known as
Sediment unique bands in equilibrium density gradient centrifugation
Are present in tandem arrays of thousands of copies
Reassociate more rapidly than non repeated sequences - Answers Simple sequence repeats
26000 - Answers Even though its much smaller, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana has about ___
genes, similar to the amount a human has
Between 1 and 6 exons - Answers If the human gene is found to contain 5 intons, the mature
mRNA encoded by that gene would have how many exons
Small nuclear RNA
miRNA
Sequences that control RNA processing - Answers Introns can encode:
Chromosome end structures required for correct replication of linear chromosomes - Answers
Telomeres are
Centromere - Answers During mitosis, highly condensed chromosomes consists of two sister
chromatids joined at the
Histones, one histone H1 and 166 bp of DNA - Answers A chromatosome is a complex of eight
core
Circular - Answers The chromosomes of prokaryotes different than those of eukaryotes in that
prokaryotic chromosomes are
Drosha - Answers During the processing of mrRNA, which of the following cleaved the 5' 3' tails
, away from the hairpin structure in the primary miRNA
Splicing - Answers In the nucleus, introns are removed from transcripts by
Nucleosome - Answers The DNA of eukaryotic cells is wrapped around histones to from
structures called
Chromosomes - Answers During metaphase in actively dividing cells, DNA is found in which of
the following
Have more noncoding DNA then humans have - Answers The genomes of salamanders contain
ten times more DNA than the genomes of humans because salamanders
Highly condensed, transcriptionally inactive chromatin - Answers Heterchormtin consists of:
A functional product - Answers A gene can be defined as a segment of DNA that codes for
One molecule of H1 - Answers What is not found in the nucleosome core particle
Decondensed transcriptionally active chromatin - Answers Euchromatin consists of
Sites of spindle attachment to the chromosomes - Answers Kinetochores are the
Between protein-coding sequences - Answers Introns in mRNA coding genes are transcribed
sequences:
A set of related but slightly different genes in one individual - Answers A gene family is
Nonfunctional gene copies - Answers Pseudogenes are
Satellite DNA - Answers Results of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation on genomic
DNA often reveal relatively small peaks of DNA that separate from the main genomic DNA peak
and consiots of 1000s of shirt repetitive sequences referred to as
Alternative splicing - Answers The human genome consists of 20000-25000 genes but can
produce up to 100000 gene products. WHY?
Nucleosomes are placed 200 bp apart - Answers Nuclease digestion of chromatin occurs at
sites separated by approximately 200 bp because
Alternative splicing - Answers Synthesis of different proteins from the same genes is due to
Telophase - Answers During what phase does the nuclear membrane reform
Nested genes - Answers What is the term used to describe protein encoding regions found
completely within an intron
An exon may contain sequences for small nucleolar RNAs. - Answers Which statement about
