NSG 430 EXAM 2
What is acute decompensated heart failure (HF)? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A condition
where pulmonary venous pressure increases due to left ventricle failure, leading to
pulmonary vascular engorgement and decreased lung compliance.
What diagnostic tools are used to assess heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Echocardiogram, ECG, ambulatory heart monitors, chest x-ray, 6-minute walk test, MUGA
scan, cardiac MRI, cardiac catheterization, endomyocardial biopsy, serum electrolytes, and
NT-proBNP or BNP levels.
What are early signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Increased pulmonary venous pressure, mild increase in
respiratory rate, and decreased PaO2.
What are the later signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Interstitial pulmonary edema, tachypnea, shortness of breath,
respiratory acidosis, and alveolar edema.
What is pulmonary edema and why is it life-threatening? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A
condition where alveoli fill with fluid, often associated with left-sided heart failure, leading
to symptoms like dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis.
,What are common manifestations of heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue,
dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, tachycardia, palpitations,
edema, changes in urine output, skin changes, neurological manifestations, and weight
changes.
What interventions should be taken for patients with heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -Assess subjective and objective data, manage medications, implement a low
sodium diet, monitor vital signs, and provide ongoing assessment.
What is the significance of daily weight monitoring in heart failure patients? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A weight gain of 3 lbs over 2 days or 3-5 lbs over a week should
be reported to the healthcare provider as it indicates potential fluid overload.
What are the treatment groups for heart failure presentations? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER
-Patients are categorized into dry-warm, dry-cold, wet-warm, and wet-cold based on their
volume status and perfusion.
What medications are commonly used in heart failure treatment? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -Diuretics (e.g., furosemide), vasodilators (e.g., IV nitroglycerin), morphine, and
positive inotropes (e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
What complications can arise from heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Pleural
effusion, dysrhythmias, activity intolerance, fluid imbalance, impaired cardiac and
respiratory function, and cardiogenic shock.
What is cardiomyopathy? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A group of diseases that directly
affect the myocardium's structure and function, classified as primary (unknown cause) or
secondary (known cause).
, What are the signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Increased dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, and changes in weight or edema.
What is the role of telehealth in heart failure management? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Telehealth allows for remote monitoring and timely interventions to avoid re-hospitalization.
What is the importance of advanced directives in heart failure care? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -They guide end-of-life care discussions and decisions regarding advanced heart
failure therapies and palliative care.
What is the purpose of a high/semi-Fowler's position in heart failure patients? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -To improve respiratory function and ease breathing in patients
experiencing dyspnea.
What are the signs of fluid overload in heart failure patients? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Edema, weight gain, and increased blood pressure.
What is the significance of using accessory muscles in breathing for heart failure patients? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -It indicates increased respiratory effort due to difficulty
breathing.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A sudden episode of
shortness of breath that occurs at night, often waking the patient from sleep.
What is the role of mechanical ventilation in heart failure management? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -It is used for unstable patients who cannot maintain adequate oxygenation and
ventilation.
What is acute decompensated heart failure (HF)? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A condition
where pulmonary venous pressure increases due to left ventricle failure, leading to
pulmonary vascular engorgement and decreased lung compliance.
What diagnostic tools are used to assess heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Echocardiogram, ECG, ambulatory heart monitors, chest x-ray, 6-minute walk test, MUGA
scan, cardiac MRI, cardiac catheterization, endomyocardial biopsy, serum electrolytes, and
NT-proBNP or BNP levels.
What are early signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Increased pulmonary venous pressure, mild increase in
respiratory rate, and decreased PaO2.
What are the later signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Interstitial pulmonary edema, tachypnea, shortness of breath,
respiratory acidosis, and alveolar edema.
What is pulmonary edema and why is it life-threatening? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A
condition where alveoli fill with fluid, often associated with left-sided heart failure, leading
to symptoms like dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis.
,What are common manifestations of heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue,
dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, tachycardia, palpitations,
edema, changes in urine output, skin changes, neurological manifestations, and weight
changes.
What interventions should be taken for patients with heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -Assess subjective and objective data, manage medications, implement a low
sodium diet, monitor vital signs, and provide ongoing assessment.
What is the significance of daily weight monitoring in heart failure patients? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A weight gain of 3 lbs over 2 days or 3-5 lbs over a week should
be reported to the healthcare provider as it indicates potential fluid overload.
What are the treatment groups for heart failure presentations? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER
-Patients are categorized into dry-warm, dry-cold, wet-warm, and wet-cold based on their
volume status and perfusion.
What medications are commonly used in heart failure treatment? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -Diuretics (e.g., furosemide), vasodilators (e.g., IV nitroglycerin), morphine, and
positive inotropes (e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
What complications can arise from heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -Pleural
effusion, dysrhythmias, activity intolerance, fluid imbalance, impaired cardiac and
respiratory function, and cardiogenic shock.
What is cardiomyopathy? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A group of diseases that directly
affect the myocardium's structure and function, classified as primary (unknown cause) or
secondary (known cause).
, What are the signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Increased dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, and changes in weight or edema.
What is the role of telehealth in heart failure management? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Telehealth allows for remote monitoring and timely interventions to avoid re-hospitalization.
What is the importance of advanced directives in heart failure care? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -They guide end-of-life care discussions and decisions regarding advanced heart
failure therapies and palliative care.
What is the purpose of a high/semi-Fowler's position in heart failure patients? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -To improve respiratory function and ease breathing in patients
experiencing dyspnea.
What are the signs of fluid overload in heart failure patients? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -
Edema, weight gain, and increased blood pressure.
What is the significance of using accessory muscles in breathing for heart failure patients? -
>THE:CORRECT ANSWER -It indicates increased respiratory effort due to difficulty
breathing.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? - >THE:CORRECT ANSWER -A sudden episode of
shortness of breath that occurs at night, often waking the patient from sleep.
What is the role of mechanical ventilation in heart failure management? - >THE:CORRECT
ANSWER -It is used for unstable patients who cannot maintain adequate oxygenation and
ventilation.
