SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Threats to internal validity include: - Answer -Testing, maturation, procedural infidelity
Match the definition. 2A. Events that occur during the experiment but that are not
related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcome - Answer -
History
2B. Changes in behavior due to the passage of time - Answer -Maturation
2C. Occurs when participants need to respond to the same test repeatedly during a
baseline or probe condition, which influences responding - Answer -Testing
Threats related to the measurement system, and are of concern because of repeated
measurement by human observers who may make errors - Answer -Data instability
Inconsistent implementation of the experimental condition - Answer -Procedural
infidelity
The loss of participants during a study, which limits the generality of findings - Answer -
Attrition
Occurs when a participant's behavior is influenced by more than one planned
intervention during the course of a study - Answer -Multiple treatment interference
A type of data instability that refers to a repeated and predictable pattern in the data
series over time - Answer -Cyclical variability
Carryover Effects - Answer --Refers for an effect of being tested in one state on
participants' behavior in later situations
- May occur in a within-subject trial when the effect of a particular level of the self-
independent variable persists even after the treatment finishes
The hypothesis that states that there is no significant difference between samples is: -
Answer -The Null Hypothesis
Amanda is an RBT at an ABA clinic. She is working with her client, Jerrell, to decrease
aggressive behaviors (i.e., biting others). She has collected data for the frequency of
Jerrell's bites for three weeks. Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the following
data set (round to the nearest whole number):
Week 1: 12, 11, 10, 22, 22
Week 2: 7, 8, 13, 21, 17
Week 3: 16, 7, 9, 3, 0 - Answer -Mean= 12, Median=11, Mode=7,22
, Dr. Jones wanted to know if the use of the Good Behavior Game decreased rates of
disruptive behaviors in an elementary school. Dr. Jones collected data throughout the
duration of the school year across two elementary schools. In school A, all k-6
classrooms used the Good Behavior Game. In School B, no classrooms used the Good
Behavior Game. At the end of the school year, Dr. Jones concluded that the Good
Behavior Game had no impact on student disruptive behavior, when in fact it had. This
is an example of: - Answer -A Type 2 Error
The primary purpose of the method section is to: - Answer -Detail the plan of study
being proposed.
allows the readers to evaluate and judge the study's validity and reliability
Which fo the following is true about single case research design? - Answer -Most
studies include one participant
These data show which of the following: - Answer -A change in variability
Which of the following is a limitation of using statistical significance to differentiate
between meaningful and trivial change? - Answer -All of the above
Which of the following is a limitation of group design? - Answer -All of the above
Dr. Lestremau is employed in a large urban school district with 10 elementary schools.
She wants to evaluate the effects and feasibility of peer-mediated, school-based,
discrete trial training for teaching multiplication skills to six students with autism
spectrum disorder. She will collect on-going and frequent measurement of students'
fluency with multiplication facts. Dr. Lestremau is using: - Answer -Single case research
design methodology
Kacyn is a BCBA at an ABA Center. She is running a small social skills group with 6
children who have autism spectrum disorder. Kacyn is using the "Tough Kids Social
Skills Curriculum." The goal of the social skills sessions is to build basic social entry
skills (e.g., making eye contact, greetings, responding to name). Prior to the start of the
group, Kacyn collected data for each of the participants. Specifically, she asked the
therapists to complete the BASC-2 (a rating scale that measures changes in behavior
and emotional status) and also collected the frequency of spontaneous greetings during
a 30-minute observation period. She continued to collect data for spontaneous
greetings during and after implementation of the social skills group. What is the
dependent variable? - Answer -The frequency of spontaneous greetings
According to Carr and Briggs (2010) practitioners of ABA should base their professional
activities on the research literature. One barrier is the cost of journal subscriptions. A
solution suggest by Carr and Briggs (2010) includes: - Answer -Reading articles in
journals, such as, the Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Applied Behavior
Analysis, which provide articles for free
Threats to internal validity include: - Answer -Testing, maturation, procedural infidelity
Match the definition. 2A. Events that occur during the experiment but that are not
related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcome - Answer -
History
2B. Changes in behavior due to the passage of time - Answer -Maturation
2C. Occurs when participants need to respond to the same test repeatedly during a
baseline or probe condition, which influences responding - Answer -Testing
Threats related to the measurement system, and are of concern because of repeated
measurement by human observers who may make errors - Answer -Data instability
Inconsistent implementation of the experimental condition - Answer -Procedural
infidelity
The loss of participants during a study, which limits the generality of findings - Answer -
Attrition
Occurs when a participant's behavior is influenced by more than one planned
intervention during the course of a study - Answer -Multiple treatment interference
A type of data instability that refers to a repeated and predictable pattern in the data
series over time - Answer -Cyclical variability
Carryover Effects - Answer --Refers for an effect of being tested in one state on
participants' behavior in later situations
- May occur in a within-subject trial when the effect of a particular level of the self-
independent variable persists even after the treatment finishes
The hypothesis that states that there is no significant difference between samples is: -
Answer -The Null Hypothesis
Amanda is an RBT at an ABA clinic. She is working with her client, Jerrell, to decrease
aggressive behaviors (i.e., biting others). She has collected data for the frequency of
Jerrell's bites for three weeks. Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the following
data set (round to the nearest whole number):
Week 1: 12, 11, 10, 22, 22
Week 2: 7, 8, 13, 21, 17
Week 3: 16, 7, 9, 3, 0 - Answer -Mean= 12, Median=11, Mode=7,22
, Dr. Jones wanted to know if the use of the Good Behavior Game decreased rates of
disruptive behaviors in an elementary school. Dr. Jones collected data throughout the
duration of the school year across two elementary schools. In school A, all k-6
classrooms used the Good Behavior Game. In School B, no classrooms used the Good
Behavior Game. At the end of the school year, Dr. Jones concluded that the Good
Behavior Game had no impact on student disruptive behavior, when in fact it had. This
is an example of: - Answer -A Type 2 Error
The primary purpose of the method section is to: - Answer -Detail the plan of study
being proposed.
allows the readers to evaluate and judge the study's validity and reliability
Which fo the following is true about single case research design? - Answer -Most
studies include one participant
These data show which of the following: - Answer -A change in variability
Which of the following is a limitation of using statistical significance to differentiate
between meaningful and trivial change? - Answer -All of the above
Which of the following is a limitation of group design? - Answer -All of the above
Dr. Lestremau is employed in a large urban school district with 10 elementary schools.
She wants to evaluate the effects and feasibility of peer-mediated, school-based,
discrete trial training for teaching multiplication skills to six students with autism
spectrum disorder. She will collect on-going and frequent measurement of students'
fluency with multiplication facts. Dr. Lestremau is using: - Answer -Single case research
design methodology
Kacyn is a BCBA at an ABA Center. She is running a small social skills group with 6
children who have autism spectrum disorder. Kacyn is using the "Tough Kids Social
Skills Curriculum." The goal of the social skills sessions is to build basic social entry
skills (e.g., making eye contact, greetings, responding to name). Prior to the start of the
group, Kacyn collected data for each of the participants. Specifically, she asked the
therapists to complete the BASC-2 (a rating scale that measures changes in behavior
and emotional status) and also collected the frequency of spontaneous greetings during
a 30-minute observation period. She continued to collect data for spontaneous
greetings during and after implementation of the social skills group. What is the
dependent variable? - Answer -The frequency of spontaneous greetings
According to Carr and Briggs (2010) practitioners of ABA should base their professional
activities on the research literature. One barrier is the cost of journal subscriptions. A
solution suggest by Carr and Briggs (2010) includes: - Answer -Reading articles in
journals, such as, the Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Applied Behavior
Analysis, which provide articles for free
