BIOL 373 Final Exam ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

BIOL 373 Final Exam ACTUAL
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
First Unit - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅



Segmental Contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅mixing/churning


maximizes exposure to digestive enzymes and epithelium


alternate segments contract


little or no net movement forward


Gut Motility - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅most gut muscle is a single unit of smooth muscle
connected by gap junctions
contract as a single unit


1) Tonic contraction
2) Phasic contraction


Between meals:
-migrating motor complexes


During/after meal:
-peristaltic contractions
-segmental contractions


Tonic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅mins to hrs

, anterior part of stomach is tonically contracted
- keeps food from moving backwards)
- smooth muscle sphincters


Phasic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅secs


posterior stomach
small intestine


Slow Wave Potentials - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅



Regulation of GI Function (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) Long reflexes, integrated in
CNS


2) short reflexes, integrated within gut (enteric nervous system)


3) reflexes involving gut peptides (paracrine or travel via blood - endocrine)


Secretions in the Gut - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) water and ions (into lumen, then
reabsorbed)
2) enzymes
3) mucus
4) saliva
5) bile (from liver)


Secretion of Water and Ions - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅(Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3-, H+)


ions secreted via membrane transporters
water follows osmotic gradient


paracellular route