BIO 161 EXAM 5
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1. Red bone marrow produces blood cells
2. Skeletal System Functions -Supports soft tissues and provides attachment
points for tendons of skeletal muscles
-Protects the most important internal organs
-Assists in movement by acting as levers for skeletal
muscles
-Osseous tissue stores and releases minerals, partic-
ularly calcium and phosphorus
-Red marrow within bones produces blood cells
-Yellow marrow within bones stores triglycerides, a
source of potential energy
3. Yellow bone marrow stores triglycerides, a source of potential energy
4. Long bone Geater length than width (humerus)
5. Short bone Nearly equal length and width (trapezoid)
6. Flat bone Thin (sternum)
7. Irregular bone Complex shapes (vertebra)
8. Sesamoid bones Shaped like sesame seed (patella)
9. Diaphysis shaft of the bone
10. Medullary cavity -inside shaft of the bone
-contains yellow bone marrow in adults
11. Epiphysis -proximal and distal ends of bone
-contains red bone marrow
12. Metaphysis join diaphysis and epiphysis with epiphyseal plate
, BIO 161 EXAM 5
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13. Endosteum lines medullary cavity
14. Periosteum lines the outside of bone (except joints)
15. Articular cartilage hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones where
they cone together to form joints
16. Components of extracellular matrix -water
-collagen fibers
-crystallized mineral salts of hydroxyapatities
17. Osteogenic undifferentiated, give rise to osteoblasts by cell divi-
sion
18. Osteoblasts bone-building by calcification
19. Osteocytes maintain daily tissue activities
20. Osteoclasts bone-destroying by resorption
21. Compact bone Forms external layer of all bones and comprises most
of the diaphysis of long bones
22. Spongy bone Forms interior of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
bones, most of epiphysis of long bones, and narrow
rim around medullary cavity of long bones
23. Compact bone structure -Osteons form repeating structural units aligned in
same direction, with few spaces
-Central canal with blood and lymph vessels and
nerves
-Concentric lamellae of extracellular matrix
-Lacunae between lamellae with osteocytes
-Canaliculi connect lacunae and central canal
, BIO 161 EXAM 5
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-Interstitial lamellae between osteons
-Circumferential lamellae encircle bone
-Perforating canals penetrate transverse through os-
teons from periosteum
24. Concentric lamellae -lamellae of extracellular matrix
-form osteon
25. Interstitial lamellae Lamellae between osteons
26. Canaliculi connect lacunae and central canal
27. Perforating canals canals that penetrate transverse through osteons
from periosteum
28. Circumferential lamellae Lamellae that encircle bone
29. Spongy bone structure -Trabeculae form irregular lattice of lamellae extra-
cellular matrix oriented in many directions
-Lacunae with osteocytes
Canaliculi connect lacunae
-Osteoblasts and osteoclasts under periosteum
-Spaces between trabeculae
-Filled with red bone marrow
-Site of blood cell production in adults (hemopoiesis)
30. Central canal center of osteon that contain blood and lymph ves-
sels and nerves
31. Lacunae between lamellae that contain osteocytes
32. Blood and Nerve Supply to Bones -Highly vascular with blood vessels passing into
bones from periosteal artery
-Sensory nerves accompany blood vessels
, BIO 161 EXAM 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_97h6zx
- includes Nutrient foramen, Nutrient artery and vein,
Metaphyseal artery and vein, Epiphyseal artery and
vein
33. Nutrient foramen leads to perforating canal through periosteum
34. Nutrient artery and vein diaphysis and parts of metaphysis
35. Ossification -Initial formation of bones before birth
-Growth of bones until adult size reached
-Remodeling and repair of bones
36. Intramembranous ossification -Bone develops directly within sheet-like mes-
enchyme layers
-Flat bones of skull, mandible, and clavicle
37. Endochondral ossification Most bones in body form within hyaline cartilage that
develops from mesenchyme
38. Ossification center -Mesenchyme cells cluster and differentiate into os-
teogenic cells, then osteoblasts
-first step in intramembranous ossification
39. Calcification -Osteoblasts secrete extracellular matrix
-second step in inramembranous ossification
40. Third step in intramembranous ossi- Formation of trabeculae that fuse into lattice, with
fication blood vessels growing into spaces
41. Development of the periosteum -Mesenchyme cells at periphery of trabeculae form
periosteum and osteoblasts
-last step of Intramembranous ossification
42. Development of cartilage model
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_97h6zx
1. Red bone marrow produces blood cells
2. Skeletal System Functions -Supports soft tissues and provides attachment
points for tendons of skeletal muscles
-Protects the most important internal organs
-Assists in movement by acting as levers for skeletal
muscles
-Osseous tissue stores and releases minerals, partic-
ularly calcium and phosphorus
-Red marrow within bones produces blood cells
-Yellow marrow within bones stores triglycerides, a
source of potential energy
3. Yellow bone marrow stores triglycerides, a source of potential energy
4. Long bone Geater length than width (humerus)
5. Short bone Nearly equal length and width (trapezoid)
6. Flat bone Thin (sternum)
7. Irregular bone Complex shapes (vertebra)
8. Sesamoid bones Shaped like sesame seed (patella)
9. Diaphysis shaft of the bone
10. Medullary cavity -inside shaft of the bone
-contains yellow bone marrow in adults
11. Epiphysis -proximal and distal ends of bone
-contains red bone marrow
12. Metaphysis join diaphysis and epiphysis with epiphyseal plate
, BIO 161 EXAM 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_97h6zx
13. Endosteum lines medullary cavity
14. Periosteum lines the outside of bone (except joints)
15. Articular cartilage hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones where
they cone together to form joints
16. Components of extracellular matrix -water
-collagen fibers
-crystallized mineral salts of hydroxyapatities
17. Osteogenic undifferentiated, give rise to osteoblasts by cell divi-
sion
18. Osteoblasts bone-building by calcification
19. Osteocytes maintain daily tissue activities
20. Osteoclasts bone-destroying by resorption
21. Compact bone Forms external layer of all bones and comprises most
of the diaphysis of long bones
22. Spongy bone Forms interior of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
bones, most of epiphysis of long bones, and narrow
rim around medullary cavity of long bones
23. Compact bone structure -Osteons form repeating structural units aligned in
same direction, with few spaces
-Central canal with blood and lymph vessels and
nerves
-Concentric lamellae of extracellular matrix
-Lacunae between lamellae with osteocytes
-Canaliculi connect lacunae and central canal
, BIO 161 EXAM 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_97h6zx
-Interstitial lamellae between osteons
-Circumferential lamellae encircle bone
-Perforating canals penetrate transverse through os-
teons from periosteum
24. Concentric lamellae -lamellae of extracellular matrix
-form osteon
25. Interstitial lamellae Lamellae between osteons
26. Canaliculi connect lacunae and central canal
27. Perforating canals canals that penetrate transverse through osteons
from periosteum
28. Circumferential lamellae Lamellae that encircle bone
29. Spongy bone structure -Trabeculae form irregular lattice of lamellae extra-
cellular matrix oriented in many directions
-Lacunae with osteocytes
Canaliculi connect lacunae
-Osteoblasts and osteoclasts under periosteum
-Spaces between trabeculae
-Filled with red bone marrow
-Site of blood cell production in adults (hemopoiesis)
30. Central canal center of osteon that contain blood and lymph ves-
sels and nerves
31. Lacunae between lamellae that contain osteocytes
32. Blood and Nerve Supply to Bones -Highly vascular with blood vessels passing into
bones from periosteal artery
-Sensory nerves accompany blood vessels
, BIO 161 EXAM 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_97h6zx
- includes Nutrient foramen, Nutrient artery and vein,
Metaphyseal artery and vein, Epiphyseal artery and
vein
33. Nutrient foramen leads to perforating canal through periosteum
34. Nutrient artery and vein diaphysis and parts of metaphysis
35. Ossification -Initial formation of bones before birth
-Growth of bones until adult size reached
-Remodeling and repair of bones
36. Intramembranous ossification -Bone develops directly within sheet-like mes-
enchyme layers
-Flat bones of skull, mandible, and clavicle
37. Endochondral ossification Most bones in body form within hyaline cartilage that
develops from mesenchyme
38. Ossification center -Mesenchyme cells cluster and differentiate into os-
teogenic cells, then osteoblasts
-first step in intramembranous ossification
39. Calcification -Osteoblasts secrete extracellular matrix
-second step in inramembranous ossification
40. Third step in intramembranous ossi- Formation of trabeculae that fuse into lattice, with
fication blood vessels growing into spaces
41. Development of the periosteum -Mesenchyme cells at periphery of trabeculae form
periosteum and osteoblasts
-last step of Intramembranous ossification
42. Development of cartilage model
