PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Pathophysiology - ANS the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from
disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - ANS the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - ANS the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs and
symptoms
Diagnosis - ANS identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the symptoms
Etiology - ANS the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - ANS unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - ANS disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Epidemiology - ANS study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events in
a population
Incidence - ANS rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time (1 in 3 may
catch a disease)
Prevalence - ANS the number of people in a population who have the disease or condition
over a specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - ANS the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic - ANS dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same
time in a geographical area
Pandemic - ANS high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
Morbidity - ANS disease rates within a group
Mortality - ANS deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Hypoxic Injury - ANS most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced
blood supply
Homeostasis - ANS the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in its
functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - ANS a small change to the internal body
throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and diseases
Prognosis - ANS probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - ANS a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - ANS altering behaviours to prevent a disease from occurring
Ex: vaccination
Secondary Disease Prevention - ANS performing early detection to prevent a disease from
occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - ANS the development of a disease in a person already coping with an existing
disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Sequelae - ANS unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
Eight Chief Cellular Function - ANS 1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
Four Ways Cells Adapt to Environment - ANS 1. Atrophy - decrease in cellular size and
functional components (aging, early development)
2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs (breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
(ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
Dysplasia - ANS abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not
considered a true adaptive process)
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Pathophysiology - ANS the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from
disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - ANS the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - ANS the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs and
symptoms
Diagnosis - ANS identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the symptoms
Etiology - ANS the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - ANS unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - ANS disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Epidemiology - ANS study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events in
a population
Incidence - ANS rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time (1 in 3 may
catch a disease)
Prevalence - ANS the number of people in a population who have the disease or condition
over a specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - ANS the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic - ANS dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same
time in a geographical area
Pandemic - ANS high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
Morbidity - ANS disease rates within a group
Mortality - ANS deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Hypoxic Injury - ANS most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced
blood supply
Homeostasis - ANS the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in its
functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - ANS a small change to the internal body
throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and diseases
Prognosis - ANS probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - ANS a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - ANS altering behaviours to prevent a disease from occurring
Ex: vaccination
Secondary Disease Prevention - ANS performing early detection to prevent a disease from
occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - ANS the development of a disease in a person already coping with an existing
disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Sequelae - ANS unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
Eight Chief Cellular Function - ANS 1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
Four Ways Cells Adapt to Environment - ANS 1. Atrophy - decrease in cellular size and
functional components (aging, early development)
2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs (breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
(ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
Dysplasia - ANS abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not
considered a true adaptive process)
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
