1.2: James I + Religion
PURITANS
CATHOLICS 1603 Millenary Petition: 1000 Puritan ministers demanded J Evaluation/Judgement
reform the CoE: wanted Church to move towards Puritanism.
Attitude: Empathetic: Had Family C links. J Liberated loyal C as long Demands: Remove Catholic Practices, Create a New Bible,
Promotion of Arminianism + appointments of those into power created
as they remained obedient. J didn't tolerate Catholic Missionaries Reform the Court of High Commission + allow church ministers
greater disputes than those that already existed. Whilst J tried to remain
(Jesuits). to preach. Outcome: Hampton Court Conference (1604), shows
tolerant + his intentions were well-minded, his execution was poor, which
J ability to take concerns seriously + rule in consensual
henceforth undermined his tolerant approach / via media policy.
manner.
Policies: Not ideologically based, but rather on finances. Policy
between extreme persecution and toleration: Arguably not
successful: led to 1605 Gunpowder Plot: Arguable only cultivating 1604 Hampton Court Conference: Direct result of the Millenary ARMINIANS
on societies fears of extreme Catholicism that led to Anglo-Spanish Petition of 1603. Outcome: 'no bishop, no king': wanted to
war. uphold an episcopal structure. Rejected changes to church J promoted Arminianism: Creates balance within the CoE: wanted
practises (kept bowing at the name of Jesus). Created a new different factions to be represented. Pressure from DoB + C: both
‘King James Bible’ (replaced Geneva Bible - pro puritan - Arminian
1605 Gunpowder Plot + Impacts: Marked a setback disappointing Puritans). Reformed COHC: fewer Puritans
(failure?) in J moderate policy. Parl. pressures J to punished for minor offences. Allowed Prophesising. Allowed
introduce Popish Recusants Act (1605), introducing further Preaching in Ireland: Helped integrate moderate Puritans into J favoured the notion of Apostolic succession (belief that the new disciples
restrictions. Passed: Catholics unable to hold public the CoE. are linked to the old ones), supporting his belief in the DROK.
offices, be doctors/lawyers, live near London + travel
without permission. Introduced the Oath of Allegiance
Appointment of Richard Bancroft as ABoC: Anti-Puritan: felt P threatened Problems: Appeared 'Crypto-Catholic' (Arminian views similar to
(1606).
CoE. Introduced (1604) Cannons, stating all clergy had to adhere to the Catholic ones) - fear the church was becoming a Papal
39 Articles (Basis of the E settlement): Would have annoyed P. Forced Tyranny. J started to appoint Arminians into positions of power:
1606 Oath of Allegiance + Impacts: J wanted to reach out acknowledgement of Monarch as ‘supreme governor’ of Church, prayer i.e. Lancelot Andrews made Bishop of Winchester.
towards loyal Catholics. Outlined that the King had book had ‘nothing contrary to word of God’, hierarchy of bishops was
ultimate authority + The Pope doesn’t have the power to agreeable to word of God + clergy forced to wear surplice. Refusal meant
Key Arminian Beliefs + Impacts on Puritans
dispose of the monarch. Majority signed: those who didn't loss of job: 300 ‘silenced brethren’ (Puritan ministers fired). YET: J didn't
were monitored. Allowed J to favour a more tolerant want to create Puritan Martyrs: therefore, tolerated elements of non-
approach (Success?). conformity, such as refusal to wear the surplice. Predestination VS Free Will: Undermined Puritan focus on
Predestination, who believed their salvation was decide by God
alone
‘Live and Let Live’ Policy: Judges should avoid a ‘torrent of Policy of Via Media: Allowed a degree of diversity in CoE:
blood’: J only executed 25 Catholics, all for high-treason, tolerated different practices. Appointed George Abbot as ABoC
unlike Elizabeth's 146. Favoured expelling Jesuit priests (Moderate puritan), replacing Bancroft: showed he didn't favour Calvinist Doctrine: Puritans viewed Arminianism as threat to
rather than executing them. ‘Political nation’ felt a religion. 1621: No more Puritan demands in Parl. to reform Calvinist theology, which they viewed essential to true
comfortable practicing Catholicism. ‘Spanish Faction’ at church (1604=70 bills) Christianity
court led by Howard family were influential on J,
encouraging the Spanish Match. 1625: 10,000 more
Catholics than in 1603. Puritan Opposition Changed in 1618: Why?: Liturgy and Ritual: Arminian Practices (formal rituals/use of
altar) seen as Catholic traditions, rejected by Puritans
Evaluation/Judgement 30 Yrs War: saw P Opposition to J FP, inc. George Abbot -
Spanish Match: Cause catholic children to inherit throne + Political Power: Support for Monarchy/Bishops seen as
Overly Pro-Catholic: J sided with them. 1622 Declaration for threatening to P calls for a more independent/reformed CoE
Remained tolerant to moderates, not extremists. Successful. Preachers: stated Preachers could not discuss matters of state structure. Seen to be sympathetic to royal authority, which P
TOPIC ANALYSIS in sermons. J felt they infringed upon his God-Given right to thought would lead to less religious freedom.
decide FP
Key issue: How successful was J at dealing with these religious 1618: Book of Sports - allowed recreational activities, visits to Was J Policy Successful?: Up to 1618: fairly successful - able to sooth
groups? public houses + sports after Church. Forced to be read in all P/A differences by appointing both into Power. 1618: change: J Pro-
churches, but did not enforce practice – a diversity of practice Spanish FP led to Puritan Backlash, making him more dependant on
developed. Puritans upset - favoured Sabbatarianism, where Arminians. HOWEVER: This didn't result in a significant dispute.
Group Evaluation no other activity took place on Sunday aside from religious
Catholics Successful – via media policy maintained, ones. Some Parishes: Puritan ministers forbid sports + locked
only being harsh towards extremists. the doors of church to prevent people leaving. Examples such Evaluation/Judgement
Moderate to the rest, as Rev. William Clough of Branham in Yorkshire actively
Puritans Not successful – wanted to implement total preached against the command after reading it, encouraging Created unnecessary disputes that undermined his entire policy of
monarchical control + threat of Arminians church-goers to ‘chose which of them you will follow’. toleration / via media from the offset. Whilst he intended to install a
Arminians Not successful –disputes with Puritans that J promoted Arminians within the Church, i.e. Lancelot Andrews balance within the church, J promotion of Arminianism, nicknamed ‘crypto-
undermined via media/tolerant approach YET: J didn't demand people observe Sab. or Book of Sports: Catholicism’, angered Puritans and undermined his policy from the offset.
always maintained a balance + toleration within Church As such, it is viewed as not successful.
PURITANS
CATHOLICS 1603 Millenary Petition: 1000 Puritan ministers demanded J Evaluation/Judgement
reform the CoE: wanted Church to move towards Puritanism.
Attitude: Empathetic: Had Family C links. J Liberated loyal C as long Demands: Remove Catholic Practices, Create a New Bible,
Promotion of Arminianism + appointments of those into power created
as they remained obedient. J didn't tolerate Catholic Missionaries Reform the Court of High Commission + allow church ministers
greater disputes than those that already existed. Whilst J tried to remain
(Jesuits). to preach. Outcome: Hampton Court Conference (1604), shows
tolerant + his intentions were well-minded, his execution was poor, which
J ability to take concerns seriously + rule in consensual
henceforth undermined his tolerant approach / via media policy.
manner.
Policies: Not ideologically based, but rather on finances. Policy
between extreme persecution and toleration: Arguably not
successful: led to 1605 Gunpowder Plot: Arguable only cultivating 1604 Hampton Court Conference: Direct result of the Millenary ARMINIANS
on societies fears of extreme Catholicism that led to Anglo-Spanish Petition of 1603. Outcome: 'no bishop, no king': wanted to
war. uphold an episcopal structure. Rejected changes to church J promoted Arminianism: Creates balance within the CoE: wanted
practises (kept bowing at the name of Jesus). Created a new different factions to be represented. Pressure from DoB + C: both
‘King James Bible’ (replaced Geneva Bible - pro puritan - Arminian
1605 Gunpowder Plot + Impacts: Marked a setback disappointing Puritans). Reformed COHC: fewer Puritans
(failure?) in J moderate policy. Parl. pressures J to punished for minor offences. Allowed Prophesising. Allowed
introduce Popish Recusants Act (1605), introducing further Preaching in Ireland: Helped integrate moderate Puritans into J favoured the notion of Apostolic succession (belief that the new disciples
restrictions. Passed: Catholics unable to hold public the CoE. are linked to the old ones), supporting his belief in the DROK.
offices, be doctors/lawyers, live near London + travel
without permission. Introduced the Oath of Allegiance
Appointment of Richard Bancroft as ABoC: Anti-Puritan: felt P threatened Problems: Appeared 'Crypto-Catholic' (Arminian views similar to
(1606).
CoE. Introduced (1604) Cannons, stating all clergy had to adhere to the Catholic ones) - fear the church was becoming a Papal
39 Articles (Basis of the E settlement): Would have annoyed P. Forced Tyranny. J started to appoint Arminians into positions of power:
1606 Oath of Allegiance + Impacts: J wanted to reach out acknowledgement of Monarch as ‘supreme governor’ of Church, prayer i.e. Lancelot Andrews made Bishop of Winchester.
towards loyal Catholics. Outlined that the King had book had ‘nothing contrary to word of God’, hierarchy of bishops was
ultimate authority + The Pope doesn’t have the power to agreeable to word of God + clergy forced to wear surplice. Refusal meant
Key Arminian Beliefs + Impacts on Puritans
dispose of the monarch. Majority signed: those who didn't loss of job: 300 ‘silenced brethren’ (Puritan ministers fired). YET: J didn't
were monitored. Allowed J to favour a more tolerant want to create Puritan Martyrs: therefore, tolerated elements of non-
approach (Success?). conformity, such as refusal to wear the surplice. Predestination VS Free Will: Undermined Puritan focus on
Predestination, who believed their salvation was decide by God
alone
‘Live and Let Live’ Policy: Judges should avoid a ‘torrent of Policy of Via Media: Allowed a degree of diversity in CoE:
blood’: J only executed 25 Catholics, all for high-treason, tolerated different practices. Appointed George Abbot as ABoC
unlike Elizabeth's 146. Favoured expelling Jesuit priests (Moderate puritan), replacing Bancroft: showed he didn't favour Calvinist Doctrine: Puritans viewed Arminianism as threat to
rather than executing them. ‘Political nation’ felt a religion. 1621: No more Puritan demands in Parl. to reform Calvinist theology, which they viewed essential to true
comfortable practicing Catholicism. ‘Spanish Faction’ at church (1604=70 bills) Christianity
court led by Howard family were influential on J,
encouraging the Spanish Match. 1625: 10,000 more
Catholics than in 1603. Puritan Opposition Changed in 1618: Why?: Liturgy and Ritual: Arminian Practices (formal rituals/use of
altar) seen as Catholic traditions, rejected by Puritans
Evaluation/Judgement 30 Yrs War: saw P Opposition to J FP, inc. George Abbot -
Spanish Match: Cause catholic children to inherit throne + Political Power: Support for Monarchy/Bishops seen as
Overly Pro-Catholic: J sided with them. 1622 Declaration for threatening to P calls for a more independent/reformed CoE
Remained tolerant to moderates, not extremists. Successful. Preachers: stated Preachers could not discuss matters of state structure. Seen to be sympathetic to royal authority, which P
TOPIC ANALYSIS in sermons. J felt they infringed upon his God-Given right to thought would lead to less religious freedom.
decide FP
Key issue: How successful was J at dealing with these religious 1618: Book of Sports - allowed recreational activities, visits to Was J Policy Successful?: Up to 1618: fairly successful - able to sooth
groups? public houses + sports after Church. Forced to be read in all P/A differences by appointing both into Power. 1618: change: J Pro-
churches, but did not enforce practice – a diversity of practice Spanish FP led to Puritan Backlash, making him more dependant on
developed. Puritans upset - favoured Sabbatarianism, where Arminians. HOWEVER: This didn't result in a significant dispute.
Group Evaluation no other activity took place on Sunday aside from religious
Catholics Successful – via media policy maintained, ones. Some Parishes: Puritan ministers forbid sports + locked
only being harsh towards extremists. the doors of church to prevent people leaving. Examples such Evaluation/Judgement
Moderate to the rest, as Rev. William Clough of Branham in Yorkshire actively
Puritans Not successful – wanted to implement total preached against the command after reading it, encouraging Created unnecessary disputes that undermined his entire policy of
monarchical control + threat of Arminians church-goers to ‘chose which of them you will follow’. toleration / via media from the offset. Whilst he intended to install a
Arminians Not successful –disputes with Puritans that J promoted Arminians within the Church, i.e. Lancelot Andrews balance within the church, J promotion of Arminianism, nicknamed ‘crypto-
undermined via media/tolerant approach YET: J didn't demand people observe Sab. or Book of Sports: Catholicism’, angered Puritans and undermined his policy from the offset.
always maintained a balance + toleration within Church As such, it is viewed as not successful.
