AP Chemistry Final Exam ||Questions
And Correct Answers||100% Pass
isotope -Answer element with a different number of neutrons
mass spectrometry -Answer mass of various isotopic elements to create a mass
spectrum graph
avogadros number -Answer 6.022 E23
? L/mol -Answer 22.4 L
empirical formula -Answer simplest ratio of the molecules making up a compound
molecular formula -Answer actual formula for a substance
coulombs law -Answer the amount of energy that an electron has depends on its
distance from the nucleus of an atom; e=k(q1*q20)/r
ionization energy -Answer amount of energy necessary to remove electrons from an
atom (electromagnetic energy exceeds binding energy)
shielding electrons -Answer electrons between a valence electron and the nucleus that
decreases the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron
periodic trend: left to right -Answer periodic trend: atomic radius decreases; protons are
added to the nucleus so valence electrons are more strongly attracted
ionization energy increases (protons are added to the nucleus)
periodic trend: down a group -Answer periodic trend: atomic radius increases; shells of
electrons are added which shield the more distant shells and valence e- get farther
away
ionization energy decreases (shells of e- added, each inner shell shields more and
reduces the pull on valence e- so they are easier to remove)
ionic bond -Answer bond between metal and nonmetal; electrons are NOT shared: the
cation gives an e- up to the anion
metallic bonding -Answer bond between two metals; sea of electrons that make metals
such good conductors; delocalized structure allows for malleability and ductility
, interstitial alloy -Answer metal atoms with vastly different radii combine; ex. steel
substitutional alloy -Answer metal atoms with similar radii combine; ex. brass
covalent bonds -Answer bond in which two atoms share electrons; each atom counts
the e- as a part of its valence shell
single bonds -Answer one sigma bond, one e- pair; longest bond, least energy
double bonds -Answer one sigma bond, one pi bond; two e- pairs
triple bonds -Answer one sigma bond, two pi bonds; 3 e- pairs; shortest bond, most
energy
network covalent bonds -Answer lattice of covalent bonds; network solid (acts similar to
one molecule); very hard, high melting/boiling points; poor conductors
the common network solids -Answer SiO2,
doping -Answer the addition of an impurity to an existing lattice
p-doping -Answer create a hole (positively charged) that draws electrons through the
substance (add a substance with one LESS valence e-) i.e. si + al
n-doping -Answer add a substance with one MORE valence e- which leaves a free e-
to travel freely
i.e. si + p
polarity -Answer exists when a molecule has a clustering of negative charge on one
side due to unequal sharing of electrons (e- are pulled to the more electronegative
side); creates dipoles in molecules
dipole moment -Answer the measurement of the polarity of a molecule; the unit of
measurement is a debye (D)
more polar molecule.... -Answer .... larger dipole moment
intermolecular forces (IMFs) -Answer forces that exist between molecules in a
covalently bonded substance; not bonds
dipole-dipole forces -Answer the positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the
negative end of another molecule; relatively weak attraction force
hydrogen bonding -Answer strong IMF between two moelcules; F, O, N; have higher
melting and boiling points than molecules with other IMFs
And Correct Answers||100% Pass
isotope -Answer element with a different number of neutrons
mass spectrometry -Answer mass of various isotopic elements to create a mass
spectrum graph
avogadros number -Answer 6.022 E23
? L/mol -Answer 22.4 L
empirical formula -Answer simplest ratio of the molecules making up a compound
molecular formula -Answer actual formula for a substance
coulombs law -Answer the amount of energy that an electron has depends on its
distance from the nucleus of an atom; e=k(q1*q20)/r
ionization energy -Answer amount of energy necessary to remove electrons from an
atom (electromagnetic energy exceeds binding energy)
shielding electrons -Answer electrons between a valence electron and the nucleus that
decreases the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron
periodic trend: left to right -Answer periodic trend: atomic radius decreases; protons are
added to the nucleus so valence electrons are more strongly attracted
ionization energy increases (protons are added to the nucleus)
periodic trend: down a group -Answer periodic trend: atomic radius increases; shells of
electrons are added which shield the more distant shells and valence e- get farther
away
ionization energy decreases (shells of e- added, each inner shell shields more and
reduces the pull on valence e- so they are easier to remove)
ionic bond -Answer bond between metal and nonmetal; electrons are NOT shared: the
cation gives an e- up to the anion
metallic bonding -Answer bond between two metals; sea of electrons that make metals
such good conductors; delocalized structure allows for malleability and ductility
, interstitial alloy -Answer metal atoms with vastly different radii combine; ex. steel
substitutional alloy -Answer metal atoms with similar radii combine; ex. brass
covalent bonds -Answer bond in which two atoms share electrons; each atom counts
the e- as a part of its valence shell
single bonds -Answer one sigma bond, one e- pair; longest bond, least energy
double bonds -Answer one sigma bond, one pi bond; two e- pairs
triple bonds -Answer one sigma bond, two pi bonds; 3 e- pairs; shortest bond, most
energy
network covalent bonds -Answer lattice of covalent bonds; network solid (acts similar to
one molecule); very hard, high melting/boiling points; poor conductors
the common network solids -Answer SiO2,
doping -Answer the addition of an impurity to an existing lattice
p-doping -Answer create a hole (positively charged) that draws electrons through the
substance (add a substance with one LESS valence e-) i.e. si + al
n-doping -Answer add a substance with one MORE valence e- which leaves a free e-
to travel freely
i.e. si + p
polarity -Answer exists when a molecule has a clustering of negative charge on one
side due to unequal sharing of electrons (e- are pulled to the more electronegative
side); creates dipoles in molecules
dipole moment -Answer the measurement of the polarity of a molecule; the unit of
measurement is a debye (D)
more polar molecule.... -Answer .... larger dipole moment
intermolecular forces (IMFs) -Answer forces that exist between molecules in a
covalently bonded substance; not bonds
dipole-dipole forces -Answer the positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the
negative end of another molecule; relatively weak attraction force
hydrogen bonding -Answer strong IMF between two moelcules; F, O, N; have higher
melting and boiling points than molecules with other IMFs
