AP European History Exam Review
||Newest Exam
Cosimo de Medici -Answer supported education and the arts, made many business
connections in Europe
Lorenzo Medici -Answer gave power to the lower classes of Italy, but he let his
family business decline.
Savonorola -Answer bonfire of Vanities and Ruled Florence STRICTLY, later
exectued by the Pope
Petrarch -Answer coined the term renaissance, , (1304-1374) Father of the
Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the
peak in the development of human civilization.
Pico della Mirandola -Answer Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man
was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man
is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to
what man can accomplish.
Lorenzo Valla -Answer Wrote "On Pleasure" defended the senses of good
Giovanni Bocaccio -Answer Decameron, Federigo's Falcon, timelessness and
university, 1300s, Humanism
Castiglione -Answer Wrote "The Courtier" describing all of the major things that a
man must have in order to be a functioning societal person
Machiavellli -Answer Wrote the Prince, a book about using politics as a science.
"feared rather than loved" and "fox and lion"
Desiderius Erasmus -Answer Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading
Renaissance scholar of northern Europe, Dutch humanist and theologian who was the
leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe although his criticisms of the Church
led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther. he wrote
The Praise of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek
to Latin(1466-1536)
,Jan Van Eyck -Answer Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of
painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
Thomas More -Answer English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from
Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded, He was a English humanist
that contributed to the world today by revealing the complexities of man. He wrote
Utopia, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society. (p.437)
Jerome Bosch -Answer He was a Flemish painter whose works display the
confusion and anguish of the end of the Middle Ages. Jerome Bosch frequently used
religious themes, colorful imagery, and grotesque fantasies in his works of art. (p.439)
New Monarchies -Answer Historians' term for the monarchies in France, England,
and Spain from 1450 to 1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing within
more or less fixed territorial limits. (p. 414)
Thomas a' Kempis -Answer German ecclesiastic (1380-1471), author of "the
imitation of christ"; early northern christian writer who challenged individuals to live a
godly life rather than focus just on knowledge, summarized philosophy of Brothers of
the Common Life in 'Imitation of Life', died in 1471, associated with Brethren of the
Common Life, He was the leader of the mystic group known as Modern Devotion
John Wycliffe -Answer (c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created
English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the
pope.
Martin Luther -Answer Known by many as the creater or the reformation, he broke
away from the Catholic Church and then later began to question the popes role in the
church and the sale of indulgences.
Frederich the Wise of Saxony -Answer Supporter of Marthin Luther, he hid him from
the Catholic Church when he refused to repent.
Charles V -Answer This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of
Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of
the Counter-Reformation
Anabaptists -Answer A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free
choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state,
and democratic church organization.
Zwingli -Answer Leader of Swiss Reformation. Agreed to disagree with Luther about
communion. He thought it was only a symbol, and that it wasn't Christ's body or blood
, untill it touched your mouth, only symbolic. Found on the battlefield of the Swiss Civil
War wounded and the Lutherans found him, cut him up into little pieces, then burn them
and scattered the ashes over the land. Luther said Zwingli got what he deserved.
John Calvin -Answer Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination
and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-
1564)
Henry VIII -Answer Creator of the Church of England, he married 6 wives and
divorced or had them killed since none could produce a male heir.
Thomas Cromwell -Answer (1485-1540) Became King Henry VII's close advisor
following Cardinal Wolsey's dismissal. He and his contemporary THomas Cranmer
convinced the king to break from Rome and made the Church of England increasingly
more Protestant., (1485-1540) King Henry III's Chief Minister; he confiscated the wealth
of the Catholic church and divided administration according to its functions by creating
seperate departments of state
Elizabeth I -Answer Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, This queen of England
chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend
church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of
England
ignatius Loyola -Answer Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of
Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises.
Teresa of Avilla -Answer -symbolized renewal of intense faith
-spanish
-founded her own order of nuns that live in isolation, eat/sleep very little, dedicated life
to prayer and meditation
-canonized: recognized as saint
Vasco da Gama -Answer Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval
expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.
Magellan -Answer Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain
Catherine de Medici -Answer wife of Henry II, influenced her sons after the end of
there father's rein. She placed an alliance with the ultra-Catholics (the militant
Catholics), which was led by the second most powerful family in France, The Guise
Family. She permitted the Guise Family their own independent army,which they would
use to take out the other religions residing within the French Borders. This led to the
civil wars in France and also the St. Bartholome's Day Massacre.
||Newest Exam
Cosimo de Medici -Answer supported education and the arts, made many business
connections in Europe
Lorenzo Medici -Answer gave power to the lower classes of Italy, but he let his
family business decline.
Savonorola -Answer bonfire of Vanities and Ruled Florence STRICTLY, later
exectued by the Pope
Petrarch -Answer coined the term renaissance, , (1304-1374) Father of the
Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the
peak in the development of human civilization.
Pico della Mirandola -Answer Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man
was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man
is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to
what man can accomplish.
Lorenzo Valla -Answer Wrote "On Pleasure" defended the senses of good
Giovanni Bocaccio -Answer Decameron, Federigo's Falcon, timelessness and
university, 1300s, Humanism
Castiglione -Answer Wrote "The Courtier" describing all of the major things that a
man must have in order to be a functioning societal person
Machiavellli -Answer Wrote the Prince, a book about using politics as a science.
"feared rather than loved" and "fox and lion"
Desiderius Erasmus -Answer Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading
Renaissance scholar of northern Europe, Dutch humanist and theologian who was the
leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe although his criticisms of the Church
led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther. he wrote
The Praise of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek
to Latin(1466-1536)
,Jan Van Eyck -Answer Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of
painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
Thomas More -Answer English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from
Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded, He was a English humanist
that contributed to the world today by revealing the complexities of man. He wrote
Utopia, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society. (p.437)
Jerome Bosch -Answer He was a Flemish painter whose works display the
confusion and anguish of the end of the Middle Ages. Jerome Bosch frequently used
religious themes, colorful imagery, and grotesque fantasies in his works of art. (p.439)
New Monarchies -Answer Historians' term for the monarchies in France, England,
and Spain from 1450 to 1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing within
more or less fixed territorial limits. (p. 414)
Thomas a' Kempis -Answer German ecclesiastic (1380-1471), author of "the
imitation of christ"; early northern christian writer who challenged individuals to live a
godly life rather than focus just on knowledge, summarized philosophy of Brothers of
the Common Life in 'Imitation of Life', died in 1471, associated with Brethren of the
Common Life, He was the leader of the mystic group known as Modern Devotion
John Wycliffe -Answer (c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created
English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the
pope.
Martin Luther -Answer Known by many as the creater or the reformation, he broke
away from the Catholic Church and then later began to question the popes role in the
church and the sale of indulgences.
Frederich the Wise of Saxony -Answer Supporter of Marthin Luther, he hid him from
the Catholic Church when he refused to repent.
Charles V -Answer This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of
Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of
the Counter-Reformation
Anabaptists -Answer A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free
choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state,
and democratic church organization.
Zwingli -Answer Leader of Swiss Reformation. Agreed to disagree with Luther about
communion. He thought it was only a symbol, and that it wasn't Christ's body or blood
, untill it touched your mouth, only symbolic. Found on the battlefield of the Swiss Civil
War wounded and the Lutherans found him, cut him up into little pieces, then burn them
and scattered the ashes over the land. Luther said Zwingli got what he deserved.
John Calvin -Answer Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination
and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-
1564)
Henry VIII -Answer Creator of the Church of England, he married 6 wives and
divorced or had them killed since none could produce a male heir.
Thomas Cromwell -Answer (1485-1540) Became King Henry VII's close advisor
following Cardinal Wolsey's dismissal. He and his contemporary THomas Cranmer
convinced the king to break from Rome and made the Church of England increasingly
more Protestant., (1485-1540) King Henry III's Chief Minister; he confiscated the wealth
of the Catholic church and divided administration according to its functions by creating
seperate departments of state
Elizabeth I -Answer Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, This queen of England
chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend
church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of
England
ignatius Loyola -Answer Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of
Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises.
Teresa of Avilla -Answer -symbolized renewal of intense faith
-spanish
-founded her own order of nuns that live in isolation, eat/sleep very little, dedicated life
to prayer and meditation
-canonized: recognized as saint
Vasco da Gama -Answer Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval
expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.
Magellan -Answer Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain
Catherine de Medici -Answer wife of Henry II, influenced her sons after the end of
there father's rein. She placed an alliance with the ultra-Catholics (the militant
Catholics), which was led by the second most powerful family in France, The Guise
Family. She permitted the Guise Family their own independent army,which they would
use to take out the other religions residing within the French Borders. This led to the
civil wars in France and also the St. Bartholome's Day Massacre.
