The Urinary System Questions with Accurate Answers

The Urinary System Questions with
Accurate Answers
What are the six functions of the urinary system? - ANSWERS1) removal of metabolic
wastes and toxins (although most is through feces)
2) elimination of excess nutrients and hormones
3) help regulate blood volume and pressure (by fluid retained or removed)
4) regulation of electrolytes and body pH
5) regulates erythropoiesis(erythropoietin secretion)
6) aids in calcium absorption (converts vitamin D into active form)

What does "renal" mean? - ANSWERSPertaining to the kidneys

What are the major organs of the urinary system? - ANSWERS1) right and left kidneys
2) right and left ureters
3) urinary bladder
4) urethra

What is the function of the kidneys? - ANSWERSTo produce urine from blood plasma

What is the function of the ureters? - ANSWERSTransport urine from kidney to bladder
-peristalsis

What is the function of the urinary bladder? - ANSWERSTo store urine

What is the function of the urethra - ANSWERSProvide a tube for urine to exit body

What are the major parts of the kidney (also be able to label)? - ANSWERS- renal
cortex
-renal medulla
- renal pyramid
- renal pelvis

What arteries and veins bring blood to and from the kidneys? - ANSWERSRenal
artery/vein

Which urethra is longer: male or female? - ANSWERSMale (why women are more
prone to infections)

What is the pathway for urine? - ANSWERS-renal pelvis
-ureters
-bladder
-urethra for micturations

, What is micturation? - ANSWERSUrination

What are the muscles of the bladder? - ANSWERS- detruser muscle
- internal urethral sphincter
- external urethral sphincter

What is the detruser muscle? - ANSWERSA smooth muscle that forms the wall of the
bladder

What is the internal urethral sphincter? What does it do? What control is it under? -
ANSWERS-smooth muscle of bladder
- opens and closes bladder outlet to urethra
- ANS

What is the external urethral sphincter? What does it do? What control is it under? -
ANSWERS-skeletal muscle
-surrounds urethra at base of bladder
-voluntary control

What is the micturition reflex? - ANSWERS-with urine accumulation, epithelium flattens
and smooth muscle (detruser muscle) stretches
-pressure within bladder increases
- stimulates stretch receptors in bladder wall
- afferent fibers from these receptors enter spinal cord and stimulate the
parasympathetic neurons, stimulating the detruser muscle to contract

What is the nephron? What does it contain? - ANSWERS- functional unit of the kidney
that forms urine
- contains vascular and tubular components (renal corpuscle and renal tubule)

What are the two parts of the renal corpuscle? - ANSWERSglomerulus and bowman's
capsule

What is a glomerulus? What is it supplied by? How does blood drain? - ANSWERS-
capillary bed within Bowman's capsule
-supplied by an afferent arteriole
-blood drains by an efferent arteriole

_____% of plasma flowing through the glomerulus filters into the fluid-filled space of
Bowman's capsule. - ANSWERS20%

What is Bowman's capsule? - ANSWERS-fluid-filled capsule for the glomerulus
-beginning of tubular part of nephron
-fluid filled space=Bowman's space
-protein free fluid filters from glomerular capillaries