Bpk 241 Exam Questions and Answers
Graded A+
What are the types of vertebrae in the body? - Correct answer-7 - Cervicals
12 - Thoracic
5 - Lumbar
5 - sacral
coccyx
what part of the spine develops lordotic curves? - Correct answer-Cervical and
Lumbar
what part of the spine develops Kyphotic curves? - Correct answer-Thoracic and
Sacral
How many vertebrae are there? also how many true/false - Correct answer-33 -
vertebrae
24 - true
9 - false
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,Features of the spine are: - Correct answer-Spinous process
Transverse process
Pedicle
Lamina
vertebral body
Facet joints
What are C1 and C2 of the spine called? - Correct answer-Atlas and axis
typical vs atypical vertebrae: - Correct answer-Typical: Contains a vertebral body
Atypical: Doesn't contain a vertebral body
How are the facets for cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine oriented? - Correct
answer-Cervicale: Oriented horizontally; allowing fair amount of movement in
each direction
Thoracic: One overlaps the other; allows all movement but more rotational because
the facet joints can slide over each other.
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,Lumbar: Oriented in a sagittal plane; allows a lot of flexion/extension but not so
much rotation
As we go down the spine, what happens to the vertebral body? - Correct answer-it
gets bigger
what is the anatomy, function and type of joints for intervertebral discs? - Correct
answer-Anatomy:
Lies between vertebral bodies, consists of annulus fibrosis, and nucleus pulposus.
Function:
Cushioning and Stability
Joints:
fibrocartilaginous joint; found between disc and vertebral body
Synovial joint; facet joint( 4 per vertebrae)
What happens with each layer of Annulus fibers? - Correct answer-With each layer,
the orientation of the collagen fibers changes; making the annulus fibrosis stronger
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, what is the difference between the anterior and posterior side of the annulus
fibrosis? - Correct answer-its thicker anteriorly and thinner posteriorly.
Which layer of the annulus fibrosis receives nerve and blood supply? - Correct
answer-The outer most layer
Annulus fibrosis when bending and rotating...? - Correct answer-Allows for
compression of the disc when bending.
Tightens up when rotating
Describe the behavior of the nucleus pulposus. - Correct answer-Nucleus pulposus
is like a liquid and is not compressible.
applied force creates outward radial pressure in all directions inside the disk.
Why does the nucleus pulposus have a high water content? - Correct answer-
Because its filled up with proteoglycan fibers that are proteins fibers and
hydrophilic. They draw water into the disk.
How do different body postures affect compressive and tensile forces on the
intervertebral disc? - Correct answer-Different body postures significantly change
the compressive load on the disc and the tensile stress in the annulus fibrosus.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Graded A+
What are the types of vertebrae in the body? - Correct answer-7 - Cervicals
12 - Thoracic
5 - Lumbar
5 - sacral
coccyx
what part of the spine develops lordotic curves? - Correct answer-Cervical and
Lumbar
what part of the spine develops Kyphotic curves? - Correct answer-Thoracic and
Sacral
How many vertebrae are there? also how many true/false - Correct answer-33 -
vertebrae
24 - true
9 - false
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Features of the spine are: - Correct answer-Spinous process
Transverse process
Pedicle
Lamina
vertebral body
Facet joints
What are C1 and C2 of the spine called? - Correct answer-Atlas and axis
typical vs atypical vertebrae: - Correct answer-Typical: Contains a vertebral body
Atypical: Doesn't contain a vertebral body
How are the facets for cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine oriented? - Correct
answer-Cervicale: Oriented horizontally; allowing fair amount of movement in
each direction
Thoracic: One overlaps the other; allows all movement but more rotational because
the facet joints can slide over each other.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Lumbar: Oriented in a sagittal plane; allows a lot of flexion/extension but not so
much rotation
As we go down the spine, what happens to the vertebral body? - Correct answer-it
gets bigger
what is the anatomy, function and type of joints for intervertebral discs? - Correct
answer-Anatomy:
Lies between vertebral bodies, consists of annulus fibrosis, and nucleus pulposus.
Function:
Cushioning and Stability
Joints:
fibrocartilaginous joint; found between disc and vertebral body
Synovial joint; facet joint( 4 per vertebrae)
What happens with each layer of Annulus fibers? - Correct answer-With each layer,
the orientation of the collagen fibers changes; making the annulus fibrosis stronger
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, what is the difference between the anterior and posterior side of the annulus
fibrosis? - Correct answer-its thicker anteriorly and thinner posteriorly.
Which layer of the annulus fibrosis receives nerve and blood supply? - Correct
answer-The outer most layer
Annulus fibrosis when bending and rotating...? - Correct answer-Allows for
compression of the disc when bending.
Tightens up when rotating
Describe the behavior of the nucleus pulposus. - Correct answer-Nucleus pulposus
is like a liquid and is not compressible.
applied force creates outward radial pressure in all directions inside the disk.
Why does the nucleus pulposus have a high water content? - Correct answer-
Because its filled up with proteoglycan fibers that are proteins fibers and
hydrophilic. They draw water into the disk.
How do different body postures affect compressive and tensile forces on the
intervertebral disc? - Correct answer-Different body postures significantly change
the compressive load on the disc and the tensile stress in the annulus fibrosus.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
