NS 832 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Most common cause of red eye - Answers conjunctivitis
Causes of acute vision loss - Answers closed-angle glaucoma
trauma
migraine
retinal hemorrhage
stoke
corneal ulcer
Causes of gradual vision loss - Answers cataracts
corneal opacities
open-angle glaucoma
macular degeneration
pituitary tumor
retinal detachment
Patho of cataracts - Answers opacification of the lens causes progressive vision loss with
increasing age
Subjective findings of cataracts - Answers -non-painful, progressive loss of vision
-blurred/hazy vision
-haloes or glares from bright lights (driving at night)
Objective findings of cataracts - Answers -no redness
-pupils constrict normal to light
-hazy optic nerve
and retina
Management of cataracts - Answers -lifestyle changes (no driving at night, magnifiers, visual
aids)
-eyeglasses
,-no pharmacological treatment
When to refer for cataracts? - Answers -when vision loss becomes severe enough that patient's
needs can no longer be met
-ophthamologist for surgical cataract extraction
Patho of Blepharitis - Answers -inflammation of the eyelids
-s.aureus
-meibomian gland dysfunction
Subjective findings of blepharitis - Answers -burning
-foreign body sensation
-tearing
-photophobia
-itching
-redness
-discharge
-swollen eyelids
-development of hordeolum or chalaziom
What is a hordeolum? - Answers -eyelid lesion characterized by tenderness, erythema, edema of
eyelids, warmth
-treat with warm compress
What is a chalazion? - Answers -chronic, painless lump on eyelid
-treat with warm compress
Management of blepharitis - Answers -lid hygiene (warm compress, lid scrub)
-antibiotic ointment (erythromycin or bacitracin)
-artificial tears
Objective findings of blepharitis - Answers -eye redness
-greasy/oily secretions on eyelashes
, -fine ulcerations at base of eyelash
-tobrimycin 0.3% antimicrobial for s. aureus infection
Patho of viral conjuntivits - Answers -spread by direct contact
-highly contagious
-likely recent URI
Patho of allergic conjunctivitis - Answers -hay fever
-secondary to environmental allergens (ragweed)
Patho of bacterial conjuntivitis - Answers -hand-eye contact of infected individual
-similar to viral
Subjective findings of viral conjuntivits - Answers -acute onset eye redness
-excessive watery drainage
-usually begins in one eye and gradually spreads to other one
Objective findings of viral conjunctivits - Answers -lower eyelid redness
-follicles/clear bumps in eyelid
-possible systemic symptoms (fever, HA, sore throat)
-lymphadenopathy
Subjective findings of bacterial conjunctivits - Answers -thick, purulent drainage
-both eyes sticky, glued shut
-worse in AM
Subjective findings of allergic conjunctivits - Answers -associated HA, fatigue
-family history of allergies
-itching!!
-clear, stringy, white discharge
-boggy conjuntiva
Management of viral conjunctivitis - Answers -self-limited
Most common cause of red eye - Answers conjunctivitis
Causes of acute vision loss - Answers closed-angle glaucoma
trauma
migraine
retinal hemorrhage
stoke
corneal ulcer
Causes of gradual vision loss - Answers cataracts
corneal opacities
open-angle glaucoma
macular degeneration
pituitary tumor
retinal detachment
Patho of cataracts - Answers opacification of the lens causes progressive vision loss with
increasing age
Subjective findings of cataracts - Answers -non-painful, progressive loss of vision
-blurred/hazy vision
-haloes or glares from bright lights (driving at night)
Objective findings of cataracts - Answers -no redness
-pupils constrict normal to light
-hazy optic nerve
and retina
Management of cataracts - Answers -lifestyle changes (no driving at night, magnifiers, visual
aids)
-eyeglasses
,-no pharmacological treatment
When to refer for cataracts? - Answers -when vision loss becomes severe enough that patient's
needs can no longer be met
-ophthamologist for surgical cataract extraction
Patho of Blepharitis - Answers -inflammation of the eyelids
-s.aureus
-meibomian gland dysfunction
Subjective findings of blepharitis - Answers -burning
-foreign body sensation
-tearing
-photophobia
-itching
-redness
-discharge
-swollen eyelids
-development of hordeolum or chalaziom
What is a hordeolum? - Answers -eyelid lesion characterized by tenderness, erythema, edema of
eyelids, warmth
-treat with warm compress
What is a chalazion? - Answers -chronic, painless lump on eyelid
-treat with warm compress
Management of blepharitis - Answers -lid hygiene (warm compress, lid scrub)
-antibiotic ointment (erythromycin or bacitracin)
-artificial tears
Objective findings of blepharitis - Answers -eye redness
-greasy/oily secretions on eyelashes
, -fine ulcerations at base of eyelash
-tobrimycin 0.3% antimicrobial for s. aureus infection
Patho of viral conjuntivits - Answers -spread by direct contact
-highly contagious
-likely recent URI
Patho of allergic conjunctivitis - Answers -hay fever
-secondary to environmental allergens (ragweed)
Patho of bacterial conjuntivitis - Answers -hand-eye contact of infected individual
-similar to viral
Subjective findings of viral conjuntivits - Answers -acute onset eye redness
-excessive watery drainage
-usually begins in one eye and gradually spreads to other one
Objective findings of viral conjunctivits - Answers -lower eyelid redness
-follicles/clear bumps in eyelid
-possible systemic symptoms (fever, HA, sore throat)
-lymphadenopathy
Subjective findings of bacterial conjunctivits - Answers -thick, purulent drainage
-both eyes sticky, glued shut
-worse in AM
Subjective findings of allergic conjunctivits - Answers -associated HA, fatigue
-family history of allergies
-itching!!
-clear, stringy, white discharge
-boggy conjuntiva
Management of viral conjunctivitis - Answers -self-limited
