Terms in this set (512)
ANS: A
Individuals with diabetes mellitus show symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria. Their specific gravity
2. A patient with diabetes mellitus may excrete an may be increased as a result of hyperglycemia. Iso-osmotic urine refers to the initial filtrate having the
elevated number of osmoles of solute per day, same osmolality as plasma.
resulting in: Cognitive Level: 2
A. Polydipsia Reference:
B. Iso-osmotic urine
C. Decreased specific gravity
D. Oliguria
ANS: E
The characteristic yellow color of normal urine is principally due to the pigment urochrome. Small
amounts of urobilin (an orange-brown pigment) and uroerythrin (a pink pigment) also contribute to
2. Urine color is derived from which of the urine color. Urobilin and uroerythrin are normal urine constituents; uroerythrin is most evident when it
following? deposits on urate crystals, producing a precipitate often described as brick dust.
A. Urobilin Cognitive Level: 1
B. Urochrome Reference:
C. Uroerythrin
D. A, B, and C
ANS: A
The plasma ultrafiltrate is formed as it passes through the various regions of the nephron. It exits the
collecting tubule and is collected by the calyces, which drain into the renal pelvis; from there it passes
2. Urine formation occurs as the plasma ultrafiltrate into the ureters and then into the bladder.
passes through the renal structures in the following Cognitive Level: 1
order: Reference:
A. Nephron, calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder
B. Nephron, Bowman's capsule, renal pelvis, calyces,
ureters, bladder
C. Glomerulus, nephron, loop of Henle, renal pelvis,
calyces, bladder
D. Bowman's capsule, renal calyces, renal pelvis,
ureters, bladder
, ANS: D
Hyalinization of glomeruli is characterized by an accumulation of homogeneous, extracellular material
in the glomeruli. Leukocyte infiltration occurs as a result of a local chemotactic response. Cellular
2. What type of morphologic change results in the proliferation occurs in the glomerular tuft and is characterized by an increase in endothelial cells,
accumulation of a homogeneous eosinophilic mesangial cells, and epithelial cells. Glomerular basement membrane thickening includes any process
extracellular material in the glomeruli? leading to enlargement of the basement membrane.
A. Cellular proliferation Cognitive Level: 1
B. Leukocyte infiltration Reference:
C. Glomerular basement membrane thickening
D. Hyalinization of glomeruli
ANS: E
2. Which factor will not affect urinalysis results? The time of collection, preservation method, and collection method all affect urinalysis results,
A. Time of collection depending on the test ordered (e.g., diurnal variation, midstream clean catch collection, refrigeration,
B. Preservation method and so on).
C. Collection method
D. B and C
E. None of the above
ANS: C
Urine specimens containing fecal matter are typically rejected and a new specimen is requested.
2. Which urine specimen should be rejected? Volumes less than 12 mL (i.e., newborn, patient with a renal condition) are accepted, and the UA
A. 1 mL specimen from a newborn microscopic examination is performed without concentration of the sediment. A notation must always
B. 4 mL specimen from an adult with a renal accompany the report documenting that the microscopic examination was performed on a volume less
condition than that routinely required.
C. 12 mL specimen with a small amount of fecal Cognitive Level: 2
matter Reference:
D. 20 mL specimen from a catheterization bag
, ANS: B
To ensure the integrity and accuracy of a new bottle of reagent strips or a new lot number, QC must be
run before running patient samples.
Cognitive Level: 2
2. While performing UAs, the technician ran controls Reference:
and began testing the specimens. He ran out of
reagent strips and needed one more to complete the
run. He opened a new bottle and:
A. Continued testing on the remaining specimens
B. Ran controls on the new bottle and then continued
the run
C. Aborted the run and started all over with the first
specimen
D. Checked for discoloration before continuing the
run
A
A 2-year old child has a positive urine ketone. This
would most likely be caused by
A. Vomiting
B. Anemia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Biliary tract obstruction
ANS: D
Centrifugation requirements for urine sediment preparation are 400 to 450 g for 5 minutes. The speed is
3. Centrifugation requirements for urine sediment relative to centrifugal force (RCF, g), because the term is not centrifuge dependent. The speed in
preparation are: revolutions per minute (RPM) required to obtain 400 to 450 g is centrifuge dependent (i.e., rotor size).
A. 300 g for 15 minutes Cognitive Level: 1
B. 350 g for 10 minutes Reference:
C. 400 g for 3 minutes
D. 450 g for 5 minutes
, ANS: D
The first morning specimen is the most concentrated, providing an ideal specimen for detection of
constituents that might not be detectable in more dilute specimens collected at other times of the day
due to various hydration levels. Formed elements are more stable in acidic urine. In addition, 8-hour
3. First morning specimens provide the ideal
incubation in the bladder is ideal for testing substances that require incubation for detection (e.g.,
specimen for all of the following reasons except:
nitrites). Epithelial cells may be more numerous in the first morning specimen, providing a preferred
A. Concentrated specimen
specimen for cytology studies.
B. Incubated 8 hours
Cognitive Level: 2
C. Acidic
Reference:
D. Reduced number of epithelial cells
ANS: A
Interlaboratory testing involves taking an aliquot of a well-mixed urine specimen from the daily
workload and having a different laboratory analyze the specimen. This serves as a check of the entire
3. Interlaboratory testing provides additional quality UA process of laboratorian skill in performing and following procedures and protocols for chemical and
control checks on all of the following except: microscopic examination of urine. It does not assess QC material.
A. QC material Cognitive Level: 2
B. Laboratorian skill Reference:
C. Chemical analysis
D. Microscopic analysis
ANS: D
3. The functional unit of the kidney is the: The functional unit of the kidney is the Nephron. Each kidney contains around 1.3 million nephrons,
A. Renal calyces which form the ultrafiltrate that eventually becomes the final urine filtrate.
B. Bowman's capsule Cognitive Level: 1
C. Glomerulus Reference:
D. Nephron
ANS: B
The normal reference range for specific gravity is 1.002 to 1.035. Specific gravity is a ratio that
compares the mass of solutes present in urine to pure water; urine always has a specific gravity greater
than 1.000. It is physiologically impossible to have a specific gravity higher than 1.040; therefore, an
3. The normal reference range for urine specific
extremely high specific gravity can usually be attributed to excretion of high-molecular-weight
gravity is:
substances, such as a radiopaque contrast medium or mannitol.
A. 1.000 to 1.025
Cognitive Level: 1
B. 1.002 to 1.035
Reference:
C. 1.001 to 1.045
D. 1.005 to 1.030
ANS: A
Individuals with diabetes mellitus show symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria. Their specific gravity
2. A patient with diabetes mellitus may excrete an may be increased as a result of hyperglycemia. Iso-osmotic urine refers to the initial filtrate having the
elevated number of osmoles of solute per day, same osmolality as plasma.
resulting in: Cognitive Level: 2
A. Polydipsia Reference:
B. Iso-osmotic urine
C. Decreased specific gravity
D. Oliguria
ANS: E
The characteristic yellow color of normal urine is principally due to the pigment urochrome. Small
amounts of urobilin (an orange-brown pigment) and uroerythrin (a pink pigment) also contribute to
2. Urine color is derived from which of the urine color. Urobilin and uroerythrin are normal urine constituents; uroerythrin is most evident when it
following? deposits on urate crystals, producing a precipitate often described as brick dust.
A. Urobilin Cognitive Level: 1
B. Urochrome Reference:
C. Uroerythrin
D. A, B, and C
ANS: A
The plasma ultrafiltrate is formed as it passes through the various regions of the nephron. It exits the
collecting tubule and is collected by the calyces, which drain into the renal pelvis; from there it passes
2. Urine formation occurs as the plasma ultrafiltrate into the ureters and then into the bladder.
passes through the renal structures in the following Cognitive Level: 1
order: Reference:
A. Nephron, calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder
B. Nephron, Bowman's capsule, renal pelvis, calyces,
ureters, bladder
C. Glomerulus, nephron, loop of Henle, renal pelvis,
calyces, bladder
D. Bowman's capsule, renal calyces, renal pelvis,
ureters, bladder
, ANS: D
Hyalinization of glomeruli is characterized by an accumulation of homogeneous, extracellular material
in the glomeruli. Leukocyte infiltration occurs as a result of a local chemotactic response. Cellular
2. What type of morphologic change results in the proliferation occurs in the glomerular tuft and is characterized by an increase in endothelial cells,
accumulation of a homogeneous eosinophilic mesangial cells, and epithelial cells. Glomerular basement membrane thickening includes any process
extracellular material in the glomeruli? leading to enlargement of the basement membrane.
A. Cellular proliferation Cognitive Level: 1
B. Leukocyte infiltration Reference:
C. Glomerular basement membrane thickening
D. Hyalinization of glomeruli
ANS: E
2. Which factor will not affect urinalysis results? The time of collection, preservation method, and collection method all affect urinalysis results,
A. Time of collection depending on the test ordered (e.g., diurnal variation, midstream clean catch collection, refrigeration,
B. Preservation method and so on).
C. Collection method
D. B and C
E. None of the above
ANS: C
Urine specimens containing fecal matter are typically rejected and a new specimen is requested.
2. Which urine specimen should be rejected? Volumes less than 12 mL (i.e., newborn, patient with a renal condition) are accepted, and the UA
A. 1 mL specimen from a newborn microscopic examination is performed without concentration of the sediment. A notation must always
B. 4 mL specimen from an adult with a renal accompany the report documenting that the microscopic examination was performed on a volume less
condition than that routinely required.
C. 12 mL specimen with a small amount of fecal Cognitive Level: 2
matter Reference:
D. 20 mL specimen from a catheterization bag
, ANS: B
To ensure the integrity and accuracy of a new bottle of reagent strips or a new lot number, QC must be
run before running patient samples.
Cognitive Level: 2
2. While performing UAs, the technician ran controls Reference:
and began testing the specimens. He ran out of
reagent strips and needed one more to complete the
run. He opened a new bottle and:
A. Continued testing on the remaining specimens
B. Ran controls on the new bottle and then continued
the run
C. Aborted the run and started all over with the first
specimen
D. Checked for discoloration before continuing the
run
A
A 2-year old child has a positive urine ketone. This
would most likely be caused by
A. Vomiting
B. Anemia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Biliary tract obstruction
ANS: D
Centrifugation requirements for urine sediment preparation are 400 to 450 g for 5 minutes. The speed is
3. Centrifugation requirements for urine sediment relative to centrifugal force (RCF, g), because the term is not centrifuge dependent. The speed in
preparation are: revolutions per minute (RPM) required to obtain 400 to 450 g is centrifuge dependent (i.e., rotor size).
A. 300 g for 15 minutes Cognitive Level: 1
B. 350 g for 10 minutes Reference:
C. 400 g for 3 minutes
D. 450 g for 5 minutes
, ANS: D
The first morning specimen is the most concentrated, providing an ideal specimen for detection of
constituents that might not be detectable in more dilute specimens collected at other times of the day
due to various hydration levels. Formed elements are more stable in acidic urine. In addition, 8-hour
3. First morning specimens provide the ideal
incubation in the bladder is ideal for testing substances that require incubation for detection (e.g.,
specimen for all of the following reasons except:
nitrites). Epithelial cells may be more numerous in the first morning specimen, providing a preferred
A. Concentrated specimen
specimen for cytology studies.
B. Incubated 8 hours
Cognitive Level: 2
C. Acidic
Reference:
D. Reduced number of epithelial cells
ANS: A
Interlaboratory testing involves taking an aliquot of a well-mixed urine specimen from the daily
workload and having a different laboratory analyze the specimen. This serves as a check of the entire
3. Interlaboratory testing provides additional quality UA process of laboratorian skill in performing and following procedures and protocols for chemical and
control checks on all of the following except: microscopic examination of urine. It does not assess QC material.
A. QC material Cognitive Level: 2
B. Laboratorian skill Reference:
C. Chemical analysis
D. Microscopic analysis
ANS: D
3. The functional unit of the kidney is the: The functional unit of the kidney is the Nephron. Each kidney contains around 1.3 million nephrons,
A. Renal calyces which form the ultrafiltrate that eventually becomes the final urine filtrate.
B. Bowman's capsule Cognitive Level: 1
C. Glomerulus Reference:
D. Nephron
ANS: B
The normal reference range for specific gravity is 1.002 to 1.035. Specific gravity is a ratio that
compares the mass of solutes present in urine to pure water; urine always has a specific gravity greater
than 1.000. It is physiologically impossible to have a specific gravity higher than 1.040; therefore, an
3. The normal reference range for urine specific
extremely high specific gravity can usually be attributed to excretion of high-molecular-weight
gravity is:
substances, such as a radiopaque contrast medium or mannitol.
A. 1.000 to 1.025
Cognitive Level: 1
B. 1.002 to 1.035
Reference:
C. 1.001 to 1.045
D. 1.005 to 1.030
