Medical Physics ABR Part 1 Clinical
ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Rate the body systems in order of decreasing radio-sensitivity. - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅1. Hematopoietic, Reproductive (2-5 Gy)
2. Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy)
3. Bone and cartilage
4. Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas
5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord (20 Gy)
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Mitosis (M),
Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2)
a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2
b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Cerebellum:
a. Function
b. Location - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Motor control, balance
b. Directly posterior to the brain stem.
Cerebrum:
a. Function and properties
b. Divisions - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Higher functions: thought, action.
b. 4 lobes: frontal (anterior), parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Cerebral cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Sheet of neural tissue outermost to the
cerebrum. Grey matter
,Brain steam function - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Basic vital life functions (breathing,
heartbeat, etc.
Corpus callosum - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Connects the two parts of the cerebrum.
{Lets the two hemispheres talk to each other, i.e. "call" each other}
Alveoli
a. Location
b. Function - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Lungs
b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
Hiatal hernia
a. Describe condition
b. Imaging modality to diagnose? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Part of the stomach sticks
upward into the chest through opening in the diaphragm.
b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
Upper gastrointestinal. - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅UGI. Esophagus, stomach, and
duodenum
Lower gastrointestinal - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅LGI. Small and Large intestine. Stool.
US transducers:
a. What is the angle of orientation of the two surfaces?
b. How thick are the transducers in terms of the wavelength?
c. Are the pressure waves and voltage in phase or out of phase? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅a. 180 degrees.
b. lambda/2
c. pressure: in phase. Voltage: out of phase.
Stroke
, a. Describe
b. Effects - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the
rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
b. Loss of brain function, ischemia, hemorrhage
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Insufficient blood flow to an area
Hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels.
Transurethral resection - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Small pieces of tissue from a nearby
structure (typically prostate) are removed through the wall of the urethra.
Foramen magnum - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A large hole in the occipital bone (base of
skull) for the passage of nerves into the spinal cord.
Liver cirrhosis
a. Describe
b. Causes
c. Effects - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by
fatty and fibrous tissue that surrounds the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles,
impeding the circulation of blood through the liver.
b. Caused by chronic alcohol abuse (alcoholism); hepatitis B, C, and D (causes liver
inflammation and injury leading to cirrhosis); and ingestion of poisons.
c. Hypertension, intestine bleeding.
Sarcoidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Chronic inflammatory disease in which small
nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
Meiosis
a. Describe
b. Result - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Cell division that produces reproductive cells in
sexually reproducing organisms
ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Rate the body systems in order of decreasing radio-sensitivity. - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅1. Hematopoietic, Reproductive (2-5 Gy)
2. Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy)
3. Bone and cartilage
4. Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas
5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord (20 Gy)
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Mitosis (M),
Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2)
a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2
b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Cerebellum:
a. Function
b. Location - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Motor control, balance
b. Directly posterior to the brain stem.
Cerebrum:
a. Function and properties
b. Divisions - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Higher functions: thought, action.
b. 4 lobes: frontal (anterior), parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Cerebral cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Sheet of neural tissue outermost to the
cerebrum. Grey matter
,Brain steam function - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Basic vital life functions (breathing,
heartbeat, etc.
Corpus callosum - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Connects the two parts of the cerebrum.
{Lets the two hemispheres talk to each other, i.e. "call" each other}
Alveoli
a. Location
b. Function - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Lungs
b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
Hiatal hernia
a. Describe condition
b. Imaging modality to diagnose? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Part of the stomach sticks
upward into the chest through opening in the diaphragm.
b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
Upper gastrointestinal. - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅UGI. Esophagus, stomach, and
duodenum
Lower gastrointestinal - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅LGI. Small and Large intestine. Stool.
US transducers:
a. What is the angle of orientation of the two surfaces?
b. How thick are the transducers in terms of the wavelength?
c. Are the pressure waves and voltage in phase or out of phase? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅a. 180 degrees.
b. lambda/2
c. pressure: in phase. Voltage: out of phase.
Stroke
, a. Describe
b. Effects - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the
rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
b. Loss of brain function, ischemia, hemorrhage
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Insufficient blood flow to an area
Hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels.
Transurethral resection - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Small pieces of tissue from a nearby
structure (typically prostate) are removed through the wall of the urethra.
Foramen magnum - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A large hole in the occipital bone (base of
skull) for the passage of nerves into the spinal cord.
Liver cirrhosis
a. Describe
b. Causes
c. Effects - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by
fatty and fibrous tissue that surrounds the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles,
impeding the circulation of blood through the liver.
b. Caused by chronic alcohol abuse (alcoholism); hepatitis B, C, and D (causes liver
inflammation and injury leading to cirrhosis); and ingestion of poisons.
c. Hypertension, intestine bleeding.
Sarcoidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Chronic inflammatory disease in which small
nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
Meiosis
a. Describe
b. Result - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a. Cell division that produces reproductive cells in
sexually reproducing organisms
