MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology – Final Test
Questions and Answers | 100% Verified |
2025/2026
A patient who has seasonal allergic rhinitis is having a flare up and is complaining
of sneezing and a
watery, runny nose (rhinorrhea). The patient is prescribed an antihistamine. The
expected effect of this
medication is to - ANSWER -decrease vascular permeability to decrease
rhinorrhea
The chronic inflammatory response can occur because: - ANSWER -organisms
can live in granulomas
Organisms that multiply by invading host cells and can reside in neurons are: -
ANSWER -viruses
When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, the fetus receives - ANSWER -
passive immunity
A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
antibody test. He states that it was positive. What is the next step? - ANSWER -a
p24 antigen test will be done
A woman just returned from hiking and she is concerned she has Lyme disease. A
positive result in which of the following antibody test results would indicate she
has an acute infection? - ANSWER -immunoglobulin M
A mother brings in her child for a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and wants
to know why more than one shot has to be given for this vaccine to be effective. It
is explained to the mother that the vaccine is: - ANSWER -live, and often more
than one dose is necessary for effectiveness
Patients will develop active immunity when they: - ANSWER -have natural
exposure to an antigen or receive an immunization
A mechanism involved in the development of autoimmune disorders includes: -
ANSWER -peripheral and central tolerance failure
, The arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is generally: - ANSWER -migratory
and symmetrical
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following
diagnostic test findings is consistent with a diagnosis of systemic lupus
erythematosus? - ANSWER -
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following
diagnostic test findings is consistent with a diagnosis of systemic lupus
erythematosus? - ANSWER -positive anti-double stranded DNA
Which of the following is an immunoglobin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity
reaction? - ANSWER -a penicillin reaction characterized by fall in blood pressure
and respiratory distress after an injection of penicillin in a person who has become
sensitized to penicillin as a result of a previous penicillin injection
It is most important to take special precautions with a __________ because of an
increased susceptibility to infection as a result of medical therapy. - ANSWER -58
year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis taking corticosteroids daily
The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: - ANSWER -induces
short term protection
which of the following is true about inflammation? - ANSWER -It exists in almost
all chronic illness in the body
In which of the following scenarios should there be a suspicion for primary
immunodeficiency? - ANSWER -a 3 month old with a respiratory infection that is
persistent
How does the human immunodeficiency virus enter the CD+ membrane? -
ANSWER -the virus GP120 fuses with the cell CXCR4
A 28-year-old man is suspected of having acute retroviral syndrome. He is trying
to determine when he got infected. He was most likely infected: - ANSWER -
within the past month
,Which of the following human immunodeficiency virus positive patients has
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)? - ANSWER -a 28 year old woman
with advanced cervical cancer
Which of the following situations represents a break in the "first line of defense"
against infection? - ANSWER -use of an indwelling bladder catheter
Education pertaining to prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
includes: - ANSWER -use of pre-exposure prophylaxis if engaging in high-risk
sexual behavior
Which of the following is an example of the chemical barriers that are part of the
innate immune system? - ANSWER -hydrochloric acid production in the stomach
Which of the following describes the microbiome? - ANSWER -It consists of
normal flora such as E. coli in the intestines
The effects of histamine 1 release during mast cell degranulation includes: -
ANSWER -edema
A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip.
Upon returning home,
she hugs her father, and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following
immune reactions is he
experiencing? - ANSWER -cell mediated
Which of the following blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 10 days? -
ANSWER -platelets
Lymphoid progenitor stem cell lines differentiate into: - ANSWER -B and T cells
A patient who has chronic kidney disease and a hemoglobin of 9 g/dL will be
receiving synthetic erythropoietin injections. The therapeutic effect of this
medication is: - ANSWER -stimulation of red blood cell production
Which of the following serum levels is the best measurement for evaluating the
effectiveness of iron therapy and adequacy of iron stores? - ANSWER -ferritin
, A patient is receiving a heparin infusion. After the second day of infusion, his
platelets decrease to 50,000 cells/mL3. The next best action would be to: -
ANSWER -stop the infusion and switch to another anticoagulant
A patient receiving chemotherapy has a hemoglobin of 7.0 g/dL. Which of the
following complaints would be indicative of tissue hypoxia related to anemia? -
ANSWER -syncope
Which of the following statements regarding disseminated intravascular
coagulation syndrome is not true? - ANSWER -It is a frequent complication of
pulmonary embolism.
A patient needs an infusion of a hypertonic solution. Which of the following is an
appropriate intravenous solution to administer? - ANSWER -5% dextrose lactate
ringers (D5LR)
A patient presents to the emergency room with a K level of 6.5. What potentially
life-threatening complication would you assess for? - ANSWER -cardiac
dysrhythmias
A patient presents to the emergency room with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for
three days. The patient's lab values are as follows: K = 3.8, Na = 149, pH = 7.32,
HCO3- = 20, and PaCO2 = 40. Which of the following intravenous fluids should
be ordered? - ANSWER -0.45% normal saline with 100 mEq/L of sodium
bicarbonate
Which of the following is the major effect produced by an increase in the rate and
depth of respiration? - ANSWER -Plasma PCO2 falls
Which of the following is responsible for most of the osmotic pressure? -
ANSWER -sodium
Which of the following is the primary regulator of water excretion? - ANSWER -
antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following is the main buffer in the extracellular fluid? - ANSWER -
bicarbonate-carbonic acid system
Which of the following coenzymes is(are) necessary for normal red blood cell
nuclear maturation and
Questions and Answers | 100% Verified |
2025/2026
A patient who has seasonal allergic rhinitis is having a flare up and is complaining
of sneezing and a
watery, runny nose (rhinorrhea). The patient is prescribed an antihistamine. The
expected effect of this
medication is to - ANSWER -decrease vascular permeability to decrease
rhinorrhea
The chronic inflammatory response can occur because: - ANSWER -organisms
can live in granulomas
Organisms that multiply by invading host cells and can reside in neurons are: -
ANSWER -viruses
When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, the fetus receives - ANSWER -
passive immunity
A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
antibody test. He states that it was positive. What is the next step? - ANSWER -a
p24 antigen test will be done
A woman just returned from hiking and she is concerned she has Lyme disease. A
positive result in which of the following antibody test results would indicate she
has an acute infection? - ANSWER -immunoglobulin M
A mother brings in her child for a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and wants
to know why more than one shot has to be given for this vaccine to be effective. It
is explained to the mother that the vaccine is: - ANSWER -live, and often more
than one dose is necessary for effectiveness
Patients will develop active immunity when they: - ANSWER -have natural
exposure to an antigen or receive an immunization
A mechanism involved in the development of autoimmune disorders includes: -
ANSWER -peripheral and central tolerance failure
, The arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is generally: - ANSWER -migratory
and symmetrical
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following
diagnostic test findings is consistent with a diagnosis of systemic lupus
erythematosus? - ANSWER -
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following
diagnostic test findings is consistent with a diagnosis of systemic lupus
erythematosus? - ANSWER -positive anti-double stranded DNA
Which of the following is an immunoglobin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity
reaction? - ANSWER -a penicillin reaction characterized by fall in blood pressure
and respiratory distress after an injection of penicillin in a person who has become
sensitized to penicillin as a result of a previous penicillin injection
It is most important to take special precautions with a __________ because of an
increased susceptibility to infection as a result of medical therapy. - ANSWER -58
year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis taking corticosteroids daily
The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: - ANSWER -induces
short term protection
which of the following is true about inflammation? - ANSWER -It exists in almost
all chronic illness in the body
In which of the following scenarios should there be a suspicion for primary
immunodeficiency? - ANSWER -a 3 month old with a respiratory infection that is
persistent
How does the human immunodeficiency virus enter the CD+ membrane? -
ANSWER -the virus GP120 fuses with the cell CXCR4
A 28-year-old man is suspected of having acute retroviral syndrome. He is trying
to determine when he got infected. He was most likely infected: - ANSWER -
within the past month
,Which of the following human immunodeficiency virus positive patients has
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)? - ANSWER -a 28 year old woman
with advanced cervical cancer
Which of the following situations represents a break in the "first line of defense"
against infection? - ANSWER -use of an indwelling bladder catheter
Education pertaining to prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
includes: - ANSWER -use of pre-exposure prophylaxis if engaging in high-risk
sexual behavior
Which of the following is an example of the chemical barriers that are part of the
innate immune system? - ANSWER -hydrochloric acid production in the stomach
Which of the following describes the microbiome? - ANSWER -It consists of
normal flora such as E. coli in the intestines
The effects of histamine 1 release during mast cell degranulation includes: -
ANSWER -edema
A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip.
Upon returning home,
she hugs her father, and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following
immune reactions is he
experiencing? - ANSWER -cell mediated
Which of the following blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 10 days? -
ANSWER -platelets
Lymphoid progenitor stem cell lines differentiate into: - ANSWER -B and T cells
A patient who has chronic kidney disease and a hemoglobin of 9 g/dL will be
receiving synthetic erythropoietin injections. The therapeutic effect of this
medication is: - ANSWER -stimulation of red blood cell production
Which of the following serum levels is the best measurement for evaluating the
effectiveness of iron therapy and adequacy of iron stores? - ANSWER -ferritin
, A patient is receiving a heparin infusion. After the second day of infusion, his
platelets decrease to 50,000 cells/mL3. The next best action would be to: -
ANSWER -stop the infusion and switch to another anticoagulant
A patient receiving chemotherapy has a hemoglobin of 7.0 g/dL. Which of the
following complaints would be indicative of tissue hypoxia related to anemia? -
ANSWER -syncope
Which of the following statements regarding disseminated intravascular
coagulation syndrome is not true? - ANSWER -It is a frequent complication of
pulmonary embolism.
A patient needs an infusion of a hypertonic solution. Which of the following is an
appropriate intravenous solution to administer? - ANSWER -5% dextrose lactate
ringers (D5LR)
A patient presents to the emergency room with a K level of 6.5. What potentially
life-threatening complication would you assess for? - ANSWER -cardiac
dysrhythmias
A patient presents to the emergency room with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for
three days. The patient's lab values are as follows: K = 3.8, Na = 149, pH = 7.32,
HCO3- = 20, and PaCO2 = 40. Which of the following intravenous fluids should
be ordered? - ANSWER -0.45% normal saline with 100 mEq/L of sodium
bicarbonate
Which of the following is the major effect produced by an increase in the rate and
depth of respiration? - ANSWER -Plasma PCO2 falls
Which of the following is responsible for most of the osmotic pressure? -
ANSWER -sodium
Which of the following is the primary regulator of water excretion? - ANSWER -
antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following is the main buffer in the extracellular fluid? - ANSWER -
bicarbonate-carbonic acid system
Which of the following coenzymes is(are) necessary for normal red blood cell
nuclear maturation and
